Aravena José M, Gajardo Jean, Saguez Rodrigo
Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2018 Feb 28;42:e121. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2018.121. eCollection 2018.
Mental health problems are a set of high-impact conditions. People aged 60 years and over are particularly vulnerable to factors that increase their risk of experiencing mental health problems and fatal outcomes, such as suicide. Within this age group, men as a subgroup are seldom the targets of relevant public health measures. This article aims to characterize the mental health status of men aged 60 years and over in Chile by using data from population-based surveys carried out in the country: the 2003 and 2009 National Health Surveys (NHS), the 2009 National Study of Dependency in Older Persons (ENADEAM), and the 2015 National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN). The article looks at indicators for depression and depressive symptoms, suicide, and suicidal ideation, as well as mental health visits. According to reported figures from these surveys, older men in Chile constitute the population subgroup with the highest suicide rate, the lowest reported rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, and the lowest reported frequency of mental health visits. Furthermore, men report depression less often than women. These figures provide an approximate picture of the mental health profile of older men in Chile and give rise to questions regarding the relevance of current epidemiological models for the identification of mental health risk profiles in this group. They also point to the urgent need to design health programs that integrate gender considerations in order to ensure proper screening and the acceptability of potential interventions for promoting mental health and reducing risk factors among older men.
心理健康问题是一系列具有重大影响的状况。60岁及以上的人群特别容易受到增加其出现心理健康问题和致命后果(如自杀)风险的因素影响。在这个年龄组中,男性作为一个亚组很少成为相关公共卫生措施的目标对象。本文旨在利用智利开展的基于人群的调查数据来描述该国60岁及以上男性的心理健康状况:2003年和2009年的全国健康调查(NHS)、2009年的全国老年人依赖状况研究(ENADEAM)以及2015年的全国社会经济特征调查(CASEN)。本文考察了抑郁和抑郁症状、自杀及自杀意念的指标,以及心理健康就诊情况。根据这些调查所报告的数据,智利的老年男性是自杀率最高、自杀意念和自杀未遂报告率最低以及心理健康就诊报告频率最低的人群亚组。此外,男性报告抑郁的频率低于女性。这些数据提供了智利老年男性心理健康状况的大致情况,并引发了关于当前流行病学模型在识别该群体心理健康风险状况方面相关性的问题。它们还指出迫切需要设计纳入性别考量的健康项目,以确保对老年男性进行适当筛查以及潜在促进心理健康和降低风险因素干预措施的可接受性。