Peng Jialong, Jeong Hyeon-Ho, Lin Qianqi, Cormier Sean, Liang Hsin-Ling, De Volder Michael F L, Vignolini Silvia, Baumberg Jeremy J
NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
NanoManufacturing Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK.
Sci Adv. 2019 May 10;5(5):eaaw2205. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2205. eCollection 2019 May.
Plasmonic metasurfaces are a promising route for flat panel display applications due to their full color gamut and high spatial resolution. However, this plasmonic coloration cannot be readily tuned and requires expensive lithographic techniques. Here, we present scalable electrically driven color-changing metasurfaces constructed using a bottom-up solution process that controls the crucial plasmonic gaps and fills them with an active medium. Electrochromic nanoparticles are coated onto a metallic mirror, providing the smallest-area active plasmonic pixels to date. These nanopixels show strong scattering colors and are electrically tunable across >100-nm wavelength ranges. Their bistable behavior (with persistence times exceeding hundreds of seconds) and ultralow energy consumption (9 fJ per pixel) offer vivid, uniform, nonfading color that can be tuned at high refresh rates (>50 Hz) and optical contrast (>50%). These dynamics scale from the single nanoparticle level to multicentimeter scale films in subwavelength thickness devices, which are a hundredfold thinner than current displays.
由于具有全色域和高空间分辨率，表面等离子体超表面是平板显示应用的一条有前景的途径。然而，这种表面等离子体显色不易调节，且需要昂贵的光刻技术。在此，我们展示了通过自下而上的溶液法构建的可扩展电驱动变色超表面，该方法可控制关键的表面等离子体间隙并用活性介质填充它们。电致变色纳米颗粒被涂覆在金属镜上，提供了迄今为止最小面积的有源表面等离子体像素。这些纳米像素呈现出强烈的散射颜色，并且在超过100纳米的波长范围内可电调谐。它们的双稳态行为（持续时间超过数百秒）和超低能耗（每像素9飞焦）提供了鲜艳、均匀、不褪色的颜色，可在高刷新率（>50赫兹）和光学对比度（>50%）下进行调节。这些动力学特性可从单个纳米颗粒尺度扩展到亚波长厚度器件中的多厘米尺度薄膜，这些薄膜比当前的显示器薄百倍。
