Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Semin Thromb Hemost. 2020 Jul;46(5):587-591. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1688490. Epub 2019 May 16.
Thrombotic diseases, as potentially induced by blood clots or vascular embolization, frequently occur with high rates of mortalities worldwide. Current drug thrombolysis, a primary clinical therapy, may increase fatal risk of hemorrhage when thrombolysis agents become systemically distributed. Given current thrombolysis limitations, some novel drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles have been recently exploited to achieve a more controlled release of loaded thrombolytic agents, able to respond to environmental changes, and resulting in a safer thrombolysis. In this review, the authors outline and discuss some prominent examples of early and recent thrombolytic agent delivery systems using controlled release by physical stimuli (shear, sound and light). Shear-sensitive systems are designed to exploit the specific biomechanical feature of thrombosis, that is, the increased blood shear stress. Sound- and light-sensitive systems reflect "remote control" of drug release by responding to external ultrasound or light stimulus. These smart thrombolytic drug delivery systems hold promise for more effective and safer future thrombolytic therapy.
血栓性疾病，如由血栓或血管栓塞引起的疾病，在全球范围内具有较高的死亡率。目前的药物溶栓治疗是一种主要的临床治疗方法，但当溶栓剂在全身分布时，可能会增加出血的致命风险。鉴于目前溶栓治疗的局限性，最近已经开发了一些基于纳米颗粒的新型药物输送系统，以实现更受控的溶栓剂释放，能够响应环境变化，并导致更安全的溶栓治疗。在这篇综述中，作者概述并讨论了一些早期和最近的使用物理刺激（剪切、声音和光）控制释放的溶栓药物输送系统的突出例子。剪切敏感系统旨在利用血栓形成的特定生物力学特征，即增加的血液剪切应力。声敏和光敏系统通过对外界超声或光刺激的响应来反映药物释放的“远程控制”。这些智能溶栓药物输送系统有望为未来更有效的和更安全的溶栓治疗提供帮助。
