Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2021 Jul;10(13):e2002196. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202002196. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) increase the efficacy of various therapeutics, and shear stress has been shown to be a robust modulator of payload release. In the past few decades, a deeper understanding has been gained of the effects of flow in the body and its alteration in pathological microenvironments. More recently, shear-responsive nanomaterial DDSs have been developed. Studies on this subject mainly from the last decade are reviewed here, focusing on innovations of the material design and mechanisms of the shear response. The two most popular shear-controlled drug carriers distinguished by different release mechanisms, that is, shear-deformable nanoparticles (NPs) and shear-dissociated NP aggregates (NPAs), are surveyed. The influence of material structures on their properties such as drug loading, circulation time, and shear sensitivity are discussed. The drug development stages, therapeutic effects, limitations, and potential of these DDSs are further inspected. The reviewed research emphasizes the advantages and significance of nanomaterial-based shear-sensitive DDSs in the field of targeted drug delivery. It is also believed that efforts to rationally design nanomaterial DDSs responsive to shear may prompt a new class of diagnostics and therapeutics for signaling and rectifying pathological flows in the body.
基于纳米材料的药物传递系统 (DDS) 提高了各种治疗药物的疗效，剪切力已被证明是有效载荷释放的强大调节剂。在过去的几十年中，人们对体内流动及其在病理微环境中的变化的影响有了更深入的了解。最近，剪切响应型纳米材料 DDS 得到了发展。本文主要回顾了过去十年的相关研究，重点介绍了材料设计的创新和剪切响应的机制。综述了两种最流行的剪切控制药物载体，即剪切变形纳米颗粒 (NPs) 和剪切解离的 NP 聚集体 (NPAs)，并探讨了它们的不同释放机制。讨论了材料结构对其性能（如载药量、循环时间和剪切敏感性）的影响。进一步考察了这些 DDS 的药物开发阶段、治疗效果、局限性和潜力。综述研究强调了基于纳米材料的剪切敏感 DDS 在靶向药物传递领域的优势和意义。人们还相信，合理设计对剪切有响应的纳米材料 DDS，可能会推动一类新的诊断和治疗方法的出现，用于对体内病理流动进行信号传递和纠正。
