Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic indicators in patients with radically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This retrospective study aimed to compare the predictive value of metastatic lymph nodes (MNs), lymph node ratio (LNR), resected lymph nodes (RNs), and negative lymph nodes (NNs) with the currently used pathologic nodal (pN) staging category.We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1019 consecutive NSCLC patients treated with complete resection in a single institution. Prognostic values of various lymph node factors were evaluated by analysis of univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, and the results were compared with those using the location-based pN stage classification.The median follow-up duration was 47 months. During this period, 353 cases of cancer recurrence and 337 deaths were reported. Multivariate cox analysis indicated that both pN and NN categories were independent predictors of patient survival. The patients were divided into six groups on the basis of pN and NN categories. The survival rates of the groups were as follows: pN0, NN≥8, 81.4%; pN0, NN<8, 73.8%; pN1, NN≥8, 61.4%; pN1, NN<8, 54.2%; pN2, NN≥8, 48.4%; and pN2>1, NN<8, 35.0%. Comparison of the predictive values of the lymph node factors showed that the new N category was a more valuable prognostic factor in operable NSCLC.The combination of anatomically based pN stage classification and the number of MNs is an accurate prognostic determinant in patients with operable NSCLC which can be equal to 8th N category.