Medical Student, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Research Trainee.
Resident in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2019 May;74(5):298-302. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000670.
Bilateral renal agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly associated with poor prognosis.
The aims of this article are to review and summarize evidence on prenatal diagnosis and outcomes of bilateral renal agenesis.
A search was undertaken using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from January 1, 1998, to September 1, 2018. Search terms include "prenatal diagnosis" OR "outcomes" AND "bilateral renal agenesis." Search was limited to English language.
Fetal ultrasonography is the primary imaging modality for prenatal diagnosis of fetal urogenital tract abnormalities. However, ultrasonography is limited by several factors; it is operator dependent and associated with small field of view, has limited soft-tissue acoustic contrast, and is also influenced by patient habitus and fetal position. Color Doppler ultrasonography can be used as an adjunct to exclude bilateral renal agenesis by visualizing renal arteries. In the literature, prenatal magnetic resonance imaging has been reported to be equal to or superior to prenatal ultrasonography. Bilateral renal agenesis with oligohydramnios/anhydramnios is associated with a poor prognosis; perinatal death occurs secondary to pulmonary hypoplasia in the majority of cases.
Ultrasonography in combination with color Doppler ultrasonography permits the fetal urinary tract to be assessed in the first and early second trimester of gestation. The magnetic resonance imaging can be used as a complementary adjunctive modality in equivocal or inconclusive ultrasonographic findings.
双侧肾发育不全是一种罕见的先天性异常，预后不良。
本文旨在回顾和总结双侧肾发育不全的产前诊断和结局的证据。
使用 PubMed 和 ClinicalTrials.gov 数据库，从 1998 年 1 月 1 日至 2018 年 9 月 1 日进行了搜索。搜索词包括“产前诊断”或“结果”和“双侧肾发育不全”。搜索仅限于英语。
胎儿超声检查是产前诊断胎儿泌尿生殖道异常的主要影像学方法。然而，超声检查受到几个因素的限制；它依赖于操作者，且视野有限，软组织声对比度有限，还受到患者体型和胎儿体位的影响。彩色多普勒超声可用于排除双侧肾发育不全，通过可视化肾动脉来实现。在文献中，产前磁共振成像已被报道与产前超声检查相等或优于产前超声检查。双侧肾发育不全伴羊水过少/无羊水与不良预后相关；大多数情况下，肺发育不全导致围产儿死亡。
超声检查联合彩色多普勒超声检查可在妊娠早期和中期评估胎儿泌尿系统。磁共振成像可作为超声检查结果不确定或不明确时的辅助补充手段。
