Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences and Tourism in Biała Podlaska.
Lecturer, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2019 May;74(5):303-312. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000673.
Physical activity is recognized as one of the most important tools in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
The aim of this review was to compare and analyze regular prenatal exercise programs and examine their effectiveness in the prevention of GDM.
The following databases were used: Academic Search Complete, Health Source-Consumer Edition, Health Source-Nursing/Academic Edition, Master File Premier, MEDLINE, and SportDiscus with full text. The inclusion criteria were as follows: a randomized study, regular training program throughout pregnancy, and supervised by a prenatal activity specialist.
The 10 articles selected for the review were divided into 2 groups. The first group comprised 2 studies presenting successful interventions in the prevention of GDM, whereas the second group included 8 articles with no statistically significant effects of the training programs in GDM prevention. Beginning an exercise program at early stages of the pregnancy and high adherence were common features of the effective programs.
When designing and carrying out the program, the beginning of the intervention and adherence should be considered. To increase adherence, the program should be attractive and it should meet the participants' needs.
This review might be used for identifying factors deciding whether an exercise program is an effective intervention to prevent the development of GDM. Moreover, it might also prove useful in the preparation of future guidelines for designing and implementing regular exercise programs effective in preventing GDM in pregnant women by gynecologists, obstetricians, midwives, trainers, and prenatal specialists.
身体活动被认为是管理妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的最重要手段之一。
本综述旨在比较和分析常规产前运动方案，并评估其在预防 GDM 方面的效果。
使用了以下数据库：学术搜索综合版、健康资源-消费者版、健康资源-护理/学术版、主文件高级版、MEDLINE 和 SportDiscus 全文数据库。纳入标准为：随机研究、整个孕期定期训练计划以及由产前运动专家监督。
综述中选取的 10 篇文章分为 2 组。第 1 组包括 2 项研究，成功干预预防了 GDM；第 2 组包括 8 篇文章，其产前训练计划对预防 GDM 没有统计学意义。在妊娠早期开始运动计划和高度依从性是有效方案的共同特征。
在设计和实施方案时，应考虑干预的开始和依从性。为了提高依从性，方案应具有吸引力并满足参与者的需求。
本综述可用于确定决定运动方案是否为预防 GDM 发展的有效干预措施的因素。此外，它对于未来由妇科医生、产科医生、助产士、培训师和产前专家制定和实施预防孕妇 GDM 的常规运动方案的指南也可能具有一定的参考价值。
