University of Texas at Arlington, 500 W. Nedderman Dr., Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310769, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2019 Oct;6(5):973-980. doi: 10.1007/s40615-019-00598-5. Epub 2019 May 16.
Alleviating racial/ethnic disparities in physical activity (PA) and health outcomes during childhood becomes an important public health priority as the nation's populace continues to diversify. Guided by expectancy-value model, the purposes of this study were (a) to examine the potential differences in expectancy-value beliefs, PA and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between African-American (AA) children and their American-Caucasian (AC) peers, and (b) to determine how the relationships among these variables might differ between the two racial groups.
Participants were 321 (152 boys; 189 AC) children from three schools who completed a previously validated questionnaire assessing their expectancy-value beliefs in physical education, leisure-time PA (PAQ-C), and HRQOL.
Students' PA was positively associated with HRQOL among AC and AA children (p < .01). AA children had significant higher expectancy-value beliefs but lower HRQOL than AC children. The regression results revealed that both racial groups had a nearly identical effect of expectancy beliefs on their self-reported PA (β = .34 in AA group, β = .33 in AC group, respectively). The regression analysis also suggests that expectancy-value belief was a significant predictor of HRQOL while controlling for all other variables (β = .36; p < .001) for the AC group, but not the AA group.
The growing health disparities across racial/ethnic subgroups are of great public health concern. Thus, this study provided valuable insights regarding how to promote AA children's PA and HRQOL through an expectancy-value approach.
随着美国人口的多样化，缓解儿童时期体育活动（PA）和健康结果方面的种族/民族差异成为一个重要的公共卫生重点。本研究旨在：（a）检验非裔美国儿童（AA）与美国白种人（AC）儿童之间在期望价值信念、PA 和健康相关生活质量（HRQOL）方面的潜在差异；（b）确定这些变量之间的关系在两个种族群体之间可能有何不同。
共有来自三所学校的 321 名（152 名男生；189 名 AC）儿童完成了一份先前验证的问卷，评估他们在体育教育、闲暇时间 PA（PAQ-C）和 HRQOL 方面的期望价值信念。
AC 和 AA 儿童的 PA 与 HRQOL 呈正相关（p < .01）。AA 儿童的期望价值信念显著高于 AC 儿童，但 HRQOL 较低。回归结果表明，这两个种族群体的期望信念对其自我报告的 PA 都有几乎相同的影响（AA 组中的β = .34，AC 组中的β = .33）。回归分析还表明，在控制所有其他变量的情况下（AC 组中的β = .36；p < .001），期望价值信念是 HRQOL 的一个重要预测因素，但在 AA 组中则不是。
不同种族/民族亚组之间日益扩大的健康差异引起了极大的公共卫生关注。因此，本研究通过期望价值方法为促进 AA 儿童的 PA 和 HRQOL 提供了有价值的见解。
