a Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History , P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki , Finland.
b Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences , Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.
Mycologia. 2019 Jul-Aug;111(4):574-592. doi: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1603044. Epub 2019 May 17.
is a lichenized genus in the family Pilocarpaceae (Ascomycota). We studied the phylogeny and reassessed the current taxonomy of the group. We focused especially on the taxonomic questions concerning the type species and, furthermore, challenges concerning type specimens that are too old for successful DNA barcoding and molecular studies. The phylogeny was reconstructed using nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), mitochrondrial rDNA small subunit (mtSSU), and replication licensing factor 7 gene from 31 species. Fifty-six new sequences were generated. The data were analyzed using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. The results revealed four undescribed, well-supported lineages. Three lineages represent new species described here as , and . In addition, our results support the recognition of as a distinct species. is characterized by a vivid to olive green thallus composed of aggregated granules and whitish or brownish apothecia sometimes with grayish tinge (Sedifolia-gray pigment). has a thick, wide-spreading yellowish green, whitish green to olive green sorediate thallus and lacks the Sedifolia-gray pigmentation. The species is mostly anamorphic, developing apothecia rarely. is characterized by a pale to dark vivid green granular thallus and darkly pigmented apothecia (Sedifolia-gray). is characterized by a whitish green to olive green thinly granular or membranous thallus, numerous and very small whitish apothecia lacking the Sedifolia-gray pigment, and by the production of methoxymicareic acid. , and produce micareic acid. The reliability of crystalline granules as a character for species delimitation was investigated and was highly informative for linking the old type specimen of to fresh material.
是皮拉卡科（Ascomycota）科的地衣状属。我们研究了该群的系统发育并重新评估了当前的分类学。我们特别关注关于模式种的分类学问题，并且，对于由于太旧而无法成功进行 DNA 条形码和分子研究的模式标本也存在挑战。使用来自 31 种的核 rDNA 内部转录间隔区（ITS1-5.8S-ITS2=ITS）、线粒体 rDNA 小亚基（mtSSU）和复制许可因子 7 基因重建了系统发育。生成了 56 个新序列。使用最大简约法和最大似然法对数据进行了分析。结果揭示了四个未描述的、得到很好支持的谱系。三个谱系代表了这里描述的三个新种，即 、和 。此外，我们的结果支持将 作为一个独特的物种进行识别。 的特点是一个生动的橄榄绿色地衣状叶状体，由聚集的颗粒和白色或棕色的子囊盘组成，有时带有灰色色调（Sedifolia-灰色色素）。具有厚的、宽展的黄-绿色、白-绿色到橄榄绿色的具有珊瑚状突起的叶状体，缺乏 Sedifolia-灰色色素沉着。该物种主要是无性的，很少发育子囊盘。 的特点是一个苍白到深生动的绿色颗粒状叶状体和深色素沉着的子囊盘（Sedifolia-灰色）。 的特点是一个白-绿色到橄榄绿色的薄颗粒状或膜状叶状体，许多非常小的白色子囊盘缺乏 Sedifolia-灰色色素，并且产生甲氧甲可酸。 、和 产生米可酸。研究了晶体颗粒作为物种界限的特征的可靠性，对于将 的旧模式标本与新鲜材料联系起来具有高度信息性。
