Guzow-Krzemińska Beata, Sérusiaux Emmanuël, van den Boom Pieter P G, Brand A Maarten, Launis Annina, Łubek Anna, Kukwa Martin
University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Wita Stwosza 59, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland University of Gdańsk Gdańsk Poland.
Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B22, B-4000 Liège, Belgium University of Liège Liege Belgium.
MycoKeys. 2019 Jul 31;57:1-30. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.57.33267. eCollection 2019.
Six new species are described from Europe. Phylogenetic analyses, based on three loci, i.e. mtSSU rDNA, and ITS rDNA and ancestral state reconstructions, were used to evaluate infra-group divisions and the role of secondary metabolites and selected morphological characters on the taxonomy in the group. Two main lineages were found within the group. The clade consists of twelve species, including the long-known and the newly described , and . Within this clade, most species produce methoxymicareic acid, with the exceptions of and producing gyrophoric acid. The clade includes the newly described closely related to s.str., sp. nov. and sp. nov. The species within this clade are characterised by the production of micareic acid, with the exception of which lacks any detectable substances and that produces prasinic acid. Based on our reconstructions, it was concluded that the ancestor of the group probably had a thallus consisting of goniocysts, which were lost several times during evolution, while isidia and soredia evolved independently at multiple times. Our research supported the view that the ancestor of group did not produce any secondary substances, but they were gained independently in different lineages, such as methoxymicareic acid which is restricted to and allied species or micareic acid present in the clade.
从欧洲描述了六个新物种。基于三个基因座（即线粒体小亚基核糖体DNA、内部转录间隔区核糖体DNA）进行系统发育分析，并进行祖先状态重建，以评估类群内部分支以及次生代谢产物和选定形态特征在该类群分类学中的作用。在该类群中发现了两个主要谱系。该分支由十二个物种组成，包括长期已知的物种以及新描述的物种、和。在这个分支中，大多数物种产生甲氧基麦角甾酸，除了和产生石耳酸。该分支包括新描述的与狭义的密切相关的物种、新物种和新物种。这个分支中的物种的特征是产生麦角甾酸，除了缺乏任何可检测物质的和产生原藻酸的。根据我们的重建，得出的结论是，该类群的祖先可能有一个由角状囊体组成的叶状体，在进化过程中多次丢失，而粉芽和粉孢子多次独立进化。我们的研究支持了这样一种观点，即该类群的祖先不产生任何次生物质，但它们在不同的谱系中独立获得，例如仅限于和相关物种的甲氧基麦角甾酸或存在于该分支中的麦角甾酸。
