1 National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases (NRGK), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
J Gen Virol. 2019 Jun;100(6):1013-1026. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001272. Epub 2019 May 17.
Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 (syn. infectious laryngotracheitis virus; ILTV) is the causative agent of infectious laryngotracheitis, a respiratory disease of chickens causing substantial economic losses in the poultry industry every year. Currently, the most efficient way to achieve protection against infection is immunization with live-attenuated vaccines. However, this vaccination strategy entails the risk of generating new pathogenic viruses resulting from spontaneous mutations or from recombination with field strains. This work presents a new approach based on virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying ILTV glycoproteins B (gB) or G (gG) on their surface. The main focus of this pilot study was to determine the tolerability of VLPs delivered in ovo and intramuscularly (i.m.) into chickens and to investigate the nature of the immune response elicited. The study revealed that the new vaccines were well tolerated in hybrid layer chicks independent of the administration method (in ovo or i.m.). Upon in ovo injection, vaccination with VLP-gG led to an antibody response, while a cellular immune response in VLP-gB-immunized chickens was hardly detectable. Since the administration of VLPs had no visible side effects in vivo and was shown to elicit an antibody-based immune response, we anticipate that VLPs will become a valuable platform for the development of new safe vaccines for poultry.
禽传染性喉气管炎病毒 1（同义词：传染性喉气管炎病毒；ILTV）是传染性喉气管炎的病原体，这是一种每年都会给家禽业造成巨大经济损失的鸡呼吸道疾病。目前，预防感染最有效的方法是使用活疫苗进行免疫接种。然而，这种接种策略存在着由于自发突变或与田间株系重组而产生新的致病性病毒的风险。本工作提出了一种基于表面展示禽传染性喉气管炎病毒糖蛋白 B（gB）或 G（gG）的病毒样颗粒（VLPs）的新方法。本初步研究的主要重点是确定在鸡胚内和肌肉内（i.m.）递送的 VLPs 的耐受性，并研究所引发的免疫反应的性质。研究表明，新疫苗在杂交层雏鸡中无论采用何种给药方式（鸡胚内或肌肉内）均具有良好的耐受性。通过鸡胚内注射，用 VLP-gG 进行免疫接种会引发抗体反应，而在 VLP-gB 免疫接种的鸡中几乎检测不到细胞免疫反应。由于 VLPs 在体内没有可见的副作用，并显示出基于抗体的免疫反应，我们预计 VLPs 将成为开发用于家禽的新型安全疫苗的有价值平台。
