J Acad Nutr Diet. 2019 Aug;119(8):1340-1348. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.03.009. Epub 2019 May 14.
Serum carotenoids are commonly used as biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake in the general population. Although hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress, it is unknown whether this pathway is associated with lower serum carotenoid concentrations in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Consequently, the utility of serum carotenoids as markers of F/V intake in individuals with type 1 diabetes is unclear.
The study objectives were: 1) to investigate the relationship of glycemic control, oxidative stress, dietary carotenoid and F/V intake with serum carotenoid concentrations in youth with type 1 diabetes and 2) to determine whether glycemic control or oxidative stress moderates the association of carotenoid and F/V intake with serum carotenoids.
The study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from youth with type 1 diabetes. Blood samples were drawn from youth with type 1 diabetes to assess carotenoids and markers of glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol); urine samples were used to assess oxidative stress (8-iso-prostaglandin F); and 3-day diet records completed by families were used to determine F/V and carotenoid intake.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: The study participants were youth with type 1 diabetes (n=136; age range: 8 to 16.9 years; diabetes duration ≥1 year; glycated hemoglobin: 5.8% to 11.9%) enrolled in a nutrition intervention trial from 2010 to 2013 at a tertiary diabetes center in Boston, MA.
Serum carotenoids (total carotenoids and α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein+zeaxanthin).
Regression analyses were used to estimate the association of glycemic control, oxidative stress, F/V and carotenoid intake with serum carotenoids, as well as the role of glycemic control and oxidative stress in moderating diet-serum carotenoid associations.
Greater F/V intake (β=0.35, P<0.001) and carotenoid intake (β=0.28, P<0.01) were associated with higher total serum carotenoids, and no moderation by glycemic control or oxidative stress was observed. Greater hyperglycemia, as indicated by lower 1,5-anhydroglucitol (β=0.27, P<0.01), was related to lower serum carotenoids; however, glycated hemoglobin was not associated with serum carotenoids. 8-Iso-prostaglandin F2α was not associated with glycemic control or serum carotenoids.
Findings support the validity of serum carotenoids as markers of F/V and carotenoid intake in youth with type 1 diabetes.
血清类胡萝卜素通常被用作一般人群中水果和蔬菜（F/V）摄入量的生物标志物。尽管高血糖会引起氧化应激，但目前尚不清楚该途径是否与 1 型糖尿病患者血清类胡萝卜素浓度降低有关。因此，血清类胡萝卜素作为 1 型糖尿病患者 F/V 摄入量标志物的实用性尚不清楚。
本研究的目的是：1）研究血糖控制、氧化应激、膳食类胡萝卜素和 F/V 摄入量与 1 型糖尿病青少年血清类胡萝卜素浓度的关系；2）确定血糖控制或氧化应激是否调节类胡萝卜素和 F/V 摄入量与血清类胡萝卜素的关系。
本研究是对 1 型糖尿病青少年基线数据的二次分析。从 1 型糖尿病青少年中抽取血液样本以评估类胡萝卜素和血糖控制标志物（糖化血红蛋白和 1,5-脱水葡萄糖醇）；尿液样本用于评估氧化应激（8-异前列腺素 F2α）；家庭完成的 3 天饮食记录用于确定 F/V 和类胡萝卜素的摄入量。
参与者/设置：本研究参与者为参加 2010 年至 2013 年在马萨诸塞州波士顿一家三级糖尿病中心进行的营养干预试验的 1 型糖尿病青少年（n=136；年龄范围：8 至 16.9 岁；糖尿病病程≥1 年；糖化血红蛋白：5.8%至 11.9%）。
血清类胡萝卜素（总类胡萝卜素和α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素、β-隐黄质和叶黄素+玉米黄质）。
回归分析用于估计血糖控制、氧化应激、F/V 和类胡萝卜素摄入量与血清类胡萝卜素的关系，以及血糖控制和氧化应激在调节饮食-血清类胡萝卜素关系中的作用。
更多的 F/V 摄入（β=0.35，P<0.001）和类胡萝卜素摄入（β=0.28，P<0.01）与总血清类胡萝卜素水平升高相关，且血糖控制或氧化应激没有调节作用。较低的 1,5-脱水葡萄糖醇（β=0.27，P<0.01）表明血糖升高，与血清类胡萝卜素水平降低有关；然而，糖化血红蛋白与血清类胡萝卜素无关。8-异前列腺素 F2α 与血糖控制或血清类胡萝卜素无关。
研究结果支持血清类胡萝卜素作为 1 型糖尿病青少年 F/V 和类胡萝卜素摄入量标志物的有效性。
