Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, PO Box 830908, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, PO Box 830908, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2019 Jul;35(2):277-288. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.02.001.
Fetal stress induces developmental adaptations that result in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birthweight. These adaptations reappropriate nutrients to the most essential tissues, which benefits fetal survival. The same adaptations are detrimental to growth efficiency and carcass value in livestock, however, because muscle is disproportionally targeted. IUGR adipocytes, liver tissues, and pancreatic β-cells also exhibit functional adaptations. Identifying mechanisms underlying adaptive changes is fundamental to improving outcomes and value in low birthweight livestock. The article outlines studies that have begun to identify stress-induced fetal adaptations affecting growth, metabolism, and differential nutrient utilization in IUGR-born animals.
胎儿应激会引起发育适应，导致宫内生长受限（IUGR）和低出生体重。这些适应将营养重新分配到最重要的组织，这有利于胎儿的生存。然而，这些适应对牲畜的生长效率和胴体价值不利，因为肌肉是不成比例的目标。IUGR 脂肪细胞、肝组织和胰腺β细胞也表现出功能适应。确定适应变化的机制对于改善低出生体重牲畜的结果和价值至关重要。本文概述了一些研究，这些研究已经开始确定应激诱导的胎儿适应，这些适应影响 IUGR 出生动物的生长、代谢和不同营养利用。
