Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Addiction. 2019 Oct;114(10):1763-1772. doi: 10.1111/add.14665. Epub 2019 Jun 26.
As the legal status of cannabis changes across the United States and modes of administration expand, it is important to examine the potential impact on adolescent cannabis use. This study aimed to assess changes in prevalence of frequent cannabis use in adolescents in the United States and how far this varies by age and cohort.
Analysis of Monitoring the Future, a nationally representative annual survey of 8th-, 10th- and 12th-grade students in the United States conducted from 1991 to 2018.
In-school surveys completed by US adolescents.
A total of 1 236 159 8th-, 10th- and 12th-graders; 51.5% female, 59.6% non-Hispanic white, 12.3% non-Hispanic black, 13.4% Hispanic and 14.7% other race/ethnicity.
Frequent cannabis use (FCU), defined as six or more occasions in the past 30 days, stratified by sex, race/ethnicity and parental education.
FCU among US adolescents increased over the study period; the peak in 2010-18 was 11.4% among 18-year-old students. This increase was best explained by both period and cohort effects. Compared with respondents in 2005, adolescents surveyed in 2018 had period effects in FCU that were 1.6 times greater. Adolescents in younger birth cohorts (those born > 1988) had a lower increase in FCU than those born prior to 1988. Results were consistent across sex, parent education and race/ethnicity, with period effects indicating increasing FCU after 2005 and cohort effects indicating a lower magnitude of increase in more recent birth cohorts. Age and parental education disparities in FCU have increased over time, whereas race/ethnicity differences have converged over time; black students were 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.70] times as likely to use cannabis frequently as white students from 1991 to 2000, and 1.03 (95% CI = 0.98-1.09) times as likely from 2011 to 2018 (P-value for time interaction < 0.001).
The prevalence of frequent cannabis use (FCU) increased from 1991 to 2018 among older adolescents in the United States. Racial/ethnic differences in FCU converged, whereas parental education differences have diverged.
随着美国大麻法律地位的改变和给药方式的增加，研究大麻对青少年使用的潜在影响非常重要。本研究旨在评估美国青少年中频繁使用大麻的流行率变化，以及这种变化在多大程度上因年龄和队列而异。
对 1991 年至 2018 年期间在美国进行的一项全国代表性的 8 年级、10 年级和 12 年级学生年度监测未来调查的分析。
在美国学校进行的青少年调查。
共有 1236159 名 8 年级、10 年级和 12 年级学生；51.5%为女性，59.6%为非西班牙裔白人，12.3%为非西班牙裔黑人，13.4%为西班牙裔，14.7%为其他种族/族裔。
频繁使用大麻（FCU），定义为过去 30 天内出现六次或以上，按性别、种族/族裔和父母教育程度分层。
在研究期间，美国青少年中 FCU 有所增加；2010-18 年，18 岁学生的峰值为 11.4%。这种增加主要是由时期和队列效应共同解释的。与 2005 年的受访者相比，2018 年接受调查的青少年在 FCU 方面的时期效应增加了 1.6 倍。出生于较晚出生队列（出生于 1988 年以后）的青少年比出生于 1988 年以前的青少年 FCU 增加幅度较低。结果在性别、父母教育程度和种族/族裔方面一致，时期效应表明 2005 年后 FCU 增加，队列效应表明最近出生队列的增加幅度较低。FCU 的年龄和父母教育程度差异随着时间的推移而增加，而种族/族裔差异随着时间的推移而趋同；1991 年至 2000 年，黑人学生频繁使用大麻的可能性是白人学生的 0.67（95%置信区间 [CI] = 0.64-0.70）倍，而 2011 年至 2018 年，黑人学生的可能性是白人学生的 1.03（95% CI = 0.98-1.09）倍（时间交互作用的 P 值 < 0.001）。
美国青少年中频繁使用大麻（FCU）的流行率从 1991 年到 2018 年有所增加。FCU 方面的种族/族裔差异趋于收敛，而父母教育程度差异则出现发散。
