Wang Hui Yun, Zhang Ying Jie, Jin Ying Hua, Xu Jia Wei, Tao Yan, He Hong Shi, Gao Xiang, Bai Yun Yu, Hu Rui, Han Ying Ying
Schlool of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2019 May;30(5):1580-1588. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201905.026.
The typhoon outbreaks of 1986 caused many gaps in the cold temperate coniferous forest and Betula errmanii forest on the western and southern slopes in the Changbai Mountain. In 2017, a research area at the 1600-1800 m altitude in Changbai Mountain was established to explore the damage and changes of forest vegetation disturbed by the typhoon in cold temperate zone and to reveal the regulation of damage on vegetation and post-disaster change as well as the driving factors. The remote sensing data were used to classify research area based on the degree of vegetation damage and post-disaster change. A total of 40 plots were set up for vegetation survey. According to the damage degree of forest structure, three levels of severity of damage to vegetation in the cold temperate zone of Changbai Mountain were classified including gently, moderately, and severely damaged, in which moderately damaged area was largest, followed by gently damaged area and severely damaged area. Tree damage significantly differed among three level areas, with 20%, 50% and 85% reduction of the abundance of dominant trees in gently, moderately and severely damaged areas, respectively. The wind resistance ability of B. errmanii was higher than that of Picea jezoensis. The wind resistance ability of B. errmanii with larger diameter grade was higher than that of those with smaller diameter grade. The severity of damage to vegetation was strongly correlated with slope, with lower severity on the steeper slop area. From 1987 to 2017, the vegetation of wind disaster area significantly changed. The study area could be classified into three levels based on the degree of changing: fast, medium, and slow, with largest area in medium changed, followed by slowly and fast changed. The degree of vegetation changes was strongly correlated with altitude, with slower change at higher altitude area. The recovery rate of trees was slow, with P. jezoensis recovering slightly quicker than B. errmanii. The vegetation change mainly occurred in shrub and herb layers. Shrub layer recovered better than the herb layer in the fast changed area, while herb layer recovered better than the shrub layer in the medium changed area. In the slowly changed area, herb layer was generally low and dense with varying shrub layer.
1986年的台风爆发在长白山南坡和西坡的寒温带针叶林和岳桦林中造成了许多林窗。2017年，在长白山海拔1600 - 1800米处设立了一个研究区域，以探究寒温带地区受台风干扰的森林植被的损害及变化情况，揭示损害对植被的调控作用、灾后变化以及驱动因素。利用遥感数据根据植被损害程度和灾后变化对研究区域进行分类。共设置了40个样地进行植被调查。根据森林结构的损害程度，将长白山寒温带地区植被的损害严重程度分为轻度、中度和重度三个等级，其中中度受损面积最大，其次是轻度受损面积和重度受损面积。三个等级区域的树木损害情况差异显著，轻度、中度和重度受损区域优势树种的多度分别减少了20%、50%和85%。岳桦的抗风能力高于红皮云杉。直径等级较大的岳桦抗风能力高于直径等级较小的岳桦。植被损害严重程度与坡度密切相关，坡度较陡的区域损害程度较低。1987年至2017年，风灾区植被发生了显著变化。研究区域根据变化程度可分为快速、中等和缓慢变化三个等级，其中中等变化区域面积最大，其次是缓慢变化区域和快速变化区域。植被变化程度与海拔高度密切相关，海拔较高的区域变化较慢。树木的恢复速度较慢，红皮云杉恢复速度略快于岳桦。植被变化主要发生在灌木层和草本层。在快速变化区域，灌木层恢复情况优于草本层，而在中等变化区域，草本层恢复情况优于灌木层。在缓慢变化区域，草本层一般低矮茂密，灌木层则各不相同。
