Zhang Na, Yu Guirui, Yu Zhenliang, Zhao Shidong
College of Earth Science, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2003 May;14(5):653-8.
The seasonal dynamics and spatial distribution characteristics of surface runoff in Changbai Mountain simulated by the process model (EPPML), and the relationships between surface runoff and environmental conditions were analyzed. The results showed that the seasonal variation of surface runoff in Changbai Mountain presented obvious three-peak pattern, i.e., the lowest values in June and September, peak values in August (2.58 mm.d-1), similar to that of soil water content. Total trend of surface runoff for different vegetations in the growing season was in order of grass and shrub > coniferous forest > broad-leaved forest > mixed broad-leaved and Korean pine forest, highly correlated to LAI. Annual surface runoff in 1995 was estimated to be 0.203 m.yr.-1, mostly ranging from 0.0 to 0.246.m.yr.-1, accounting for 69.3%. The trend of spatially increasing annual surface runoff along with increasing altitude was obvious. The maximum annual surface runoff appeared in alpine grass (0.619 m.yr.-1), minimum in mixed broad-leaved and Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest (0.081 m.yr.-1), others being alpine tundra, Betula ermanii forest, meadow, shrub, mixed spruce (Picea asperata) and fir (Abies nephrolepis) forest, Changbai larch (Larix olgensis) forest and broad-leaved forest. Vegetation and environmental conditions controlled the main trend of the spatial distribution of annual surface runoff in Changbai Mountain. There was very strong negative exponential correlativity between annual surface runoff and LAI (R2 = 0.857). The more LAI, the more literfall, the more precipitation intercepted by litter, thus, the less surface runoff. Annual surface runoff was highly negatively correlated with air temperature and total solar radiation (R2 being 0.965 and 0.836 respectively), however, it was highly positively correlated with precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed (R2 being more than 0.950). And annual surface runoff was also strongly correlated to soil characteristics.
利用过程模型（EPPML）模拟了长白山地表径流的季节动态和空间分布特征，并分析了地表径流与环境条件之间的关系。结果表明，长白山地表径流的季节变化呈现出明显的三峰模式，即6月和9月最低，8月最高（2.58毫米·天-1），与土壤含水量相似。不同植被在生长季地表径流的总体趋势为草本和灌木＞针叶林＞阔叶林＞阔叶红松林，与叶面积指数高度相关。1995年的年地表径流量估计为0.203米·年-1，大部分在0.0至0.246米·年-1之间，占69.3%。年地表径流随海拔升高而增加的趋势明显。年地表径流最大值出现在高山草甸（0.619米·年-1），最小值出现在阔叶红松林（0.081米·年-1），其他依次为高山冻原、岳桦林、草甸、灌木、云冷杉混交林、长白落叶松林和阔叶林。植被和环境条件控制着长白山年地表径流空间分布的主要趋势。年地表径流与叶面积指数之间存在很强的负指数相关性（R2 = 0.857）。叶面积指数越大，凋落物越多，凋落物截留的降水量越多，因此地表径流越少。年地表径流与气温和总太阳辐射呈高度负相关（R2分别为0.965和0.836），然而，它与降水量、相对湿度和风速呈高度正相关（R2均大于0.950）。并且年地表径流也与土壤特性密切相关。
