Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
J Exp Bot. 2019 Aug 29;70(17):4429-4439. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz197.
Nitric oxide (NO) is an active redox molecule involved in the control of a wide range of functions integral to plant biology. For instance, NO is implicated in seed germination, floral development, senescence, stomatal closure, and plant responses to stress. NO usually mediates signaling events via interactions with different biomolecules, for example the modulation of protein functioning through post-translational modifications (NO-PTMs). S-nitrosation is a reversible redox NO-PTM that consists of the addition of NO to a specific thiol group of a cysteine residue, leading to formation of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). SNOs are more stable than NO and therefore they can extend and spread the in vivo NO signaling. The development of robust and reliable detection methods has allowed the identification of hundreds of S-nitrosated proteins involved in a wide range of physiological and stress-related processes in plants. For example, SNOs have a physiological function in plant development, hormone metabolism, nutrient uptake, and photosynthesis, among many other processes. The role of S-nitrosation as a regulator of plant responses to salinity and drought stress through the modulation of specific protein targets has also been well established. However, there are many S-nitrosated proteins that have been identified under different abiotic stresses for which the specific roles have not yet been identified. In this review, we examine current knowledge of the specific role of SNOs in the signaling events that lead to plant responses to abiotic stress, with a particular focus on examples where their functions have been well characterized at the molecular level.
一氧化氮（NO）是一种活性氧化还原分子，参与控制植物生物学中广泛的功能。例如，NO 参与种子萌发、花发育、衰老、气孔关闭以及植物对胁迫的反应。NO 通常通过与不同生物分子的相互作用介导信号事件，例如通过翻译后修饰（NO-PTMs）调节蛋白质功能。S-亚硝基化是一种可逆的氧化还原 NO-PTM，由 NO 加到半胱氨酸残基的特定巯基上组成，导致 S-亚硝酰硫醇（SNOs）的形成。SNOs 比 NO 更稳定，因此它们可以延长和扩展体内的 NO 信号。开发强大可靠的检测方法已经允许鉴定数百种参与植物中广泛的生理和应激相关过程的 S-亚硝基化蛋白质。例如，SNOs 在植物发育、激素代谢、养分吸收和光合作用等许多过程中具有生理功能。S-亚硝基化作为通过调节特定蛋白质靶标来调节植物对盐度和干旱胁迫反应的调节剂的作用也得到了很好的证实。然而，有许多在不同非生物胁迫下鉴定出的 S-亚硝基化蛋白质，其特定作用尚未确定。在这篇综述中，我们检查了 SNO 在导致植物对非生物胁迫反应的信号事件中的特定作用的现有知识，特别关注其功能在分子水平上得到很好表征的例子。
