Fisher M
Dis Mon. 1987 Aug;33(8):433-79. doi: 10.1016/0011-5029(87)90019-8.
The clinical syndrome of anaphylactic shock is a disorder produced by multiple mechanisms and pharmacological and environmental factors. The syndrome may be produced by both immunologic and nonimmunologic mechanisms and is due to the release of preformed biologically active mediators and the generation of biologically active mediators. The main mediator appears to be histamine. Although there are a number of defined predisposing factors, the majority of first reactions appear unpredictably. The mainstay of treatment is the use of epinephrine, volume replacement, and positive pressure ventilation. The follow-up and documentation of details of the reaction and exhaustive efforts to determine the precipitating factor are important aspects of the subsequent safety of the patient. History may be of more value than diagnostic testing. The use of H1 and H2 blockers, with steroids and sympathomimetics, may reduce the risk or magnitude of reactions in patients with a past history of a reaction.
过敏性休克的临床综合征是一种由多种机制以及药理和环境因素导致的病症。该综合征可由免疫和非免疫机制引起，是由于预先形成的生物活性介质的释放以及生物活性介质的生成所致。主要介质似乎是组胺。尽管存在一些明确的诱发因素，但大多数首次反应都不可预测地出现。治疗的主要方法是使用肾上腺素、补液和正压通气。对反应细节的随访和记录以及竭尽全力确定诱发因素是患者后续安全的重要方面。病史可能比诊断测试更有价值。对于有既往反应史的患者，使用H1和H2阻滞剂以及类固醇和拟交感神经药可能会降低反应的风险或严重程度。
