Lucena-Cacace Antonio, Umeda Masayuki, Navas Lola E, Carnero Amancio
Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
Front Oncol. 2019 May 2;9:292. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00292. eCollection 2019.
Glioma Cancer Stem-Like Cells (GSCs) are a small subset of CD133 cells with self-renewal properties and capable of initiating new tumors contributing to Glioma progression, maintenance, hierarchy, and complexity. GSCs are highly resistant to chemo and radiotherapy. These cells are believed to be responsible for tumor relapses and patients' fatal outcome after developing a recurrent Glioblastoma (GBM) or High Grade Glioma (HGG). GSCs are cells under replicative stress with high demands on NAD supply to repair DNA, maintain self-renewal capacity and to induce tumor plasticity. NAD feeds Poly-ADP polymerases (PARP) and NAD-dependent deacetylases (SIRTUINS) contributing to GSC phenotype. This energetic core axis is mainly controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), an important oncogene contributing to tumor dedifferentiation. Targeting GSCs depicts a new frontier in Glioma therapy; hence NAMPT could represent a key regulator for GSCs maintenance. Its inhibition may attenuate GSCs properties by decreasing NAD supply, consequently contributing to a better outcome together with current therapies for Glioma control.
胶质瘤癌干细胞(GSCs)是CD133细胞中的一个小亚群,具有自我更新特性,能够引发新肿瘤,促进胶质瘤的进展、维持、层级结构和复杂性。GSCs对化疗和放疗具有高度抗性。这些细胞被认为是肿瘤复发以及复发性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)或高级别胶质瘤(HGG)患者出现致命结局的原因。GSCs是处于复制应激状态的细胞,对NAD供应有很高需求,以修复DNA、维持自我更新能力并诱导肿瘤可塑性。NAD为聚ADP聚合酶(PARP)和NAD依赖性脱乙酰酶(SIRTUINS)提供原料,有助于GSC表型的形成。这个能量核心轴主要由限速酶烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶(NAMPT)控制,NAMPT是一种促进肿瘤去分化的重要癌基因。靶向GSCs描绘了胶质瘤治疗的一个新前沿;因此,NAMPT可能是GSCs维持的关键调节因子。抑制NAMPT可能通过减少NAD供应来减弱GSCs的特性,从而与目前控制胶质瘤的疗法一起促成更好的治疗效果。