Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Environmental Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Sep 30;180:542-548. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.026. Epub 2019 May 22.
The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the concentrations and short and long-term excess mortality attributed to PM, NO, and O observed in ambient air of Ahvaz during March 2014 to March 2017 period using the AirQ + software developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), which is updated in 2016 by WHO European Centre for Environment and Health. The hourly concentrations of PM, O, and NO measured at different regulatory monitoring network stations in Ahvaz city were obtained from the Department of Environment (DOE) of the city. Then, for various air quality monitoring stations, the 24-h average concentration of PM, 1-h average of NO concentration, and maximum daily 8-h O concentrations were calculated using Excel 2010 software. When the maximum daily 8-h ozone means exceeding the value of 35, it was subtracted from 35 to calculate SOMO35 indicator for modeling. Validation of air quality data was performed according to the Aphekom and WHO's methodologies for health impact assessment of air pollution. Year-specific city population and baseline incidence of the health outcomes were obtained. The three-year averages of PM, NO, and O concentrations were 68.95 (±39.86) μg/m, 135.90 (±47.82) μg/m, and 38.63 (±12.83) parts-per-billion-volume (ppbv), respectively. SOMO35 values of ozone were 6596.66, 3411.78, and 470.88 ppbv in 2014-2015, 2015-2016, and 2016-2017 years, respectively. The AP and number of natural deaths due to NO were higher than PM except the last year (2016-2017), causing about 39.18%, 40.73%, and 14.39% of deaths within the first, the second, and the third year, respectively. However, for the last year, the natural mortality for PM was higher than NO (34.46% versus 14.39%). The total number of natural mortality caused by PM and NO in all years was 4061 and 4391, respectively. A significant number of deaths was estimated to be attributed to the given air pollutants. It can be concluded that by designing and implementing air pollution control strategies and actions, both health effects and economic losses will be prevented.
本研究的主要目的是使用世界卫生组织（WHO）开发的 AirQ+软件评估 2014 年 3 月至 2017 年 3 月期间阿瓦兹大气中 PM、NO 和 O 的浓度以及归因于它们的短期和长期超额死亡率，该软件在 2016 年由世卫组织欧洲环境与健康中心更新。从该市环境部门（DOE）获得了在阿瓦兹市不同监管监测网络站测量的 PM、O 和 NO 的每小时浓度。然后，使用 Excel 2010 软件计算了各个空气质量监测站的 24 小时平均 PM 浓度、1 小时平均 NO 浓度和最大日 8 小时 O 浓度。当最大日 8 小时臭氧平均值超过 35 时，从 35 中减去该值，以计算 SOMO35 指标进行建模。空气质量数据的验证按照 Aphekom 和世卫组织的空气污染对健康影响评估方法进行。获得了特定年份的城市人口和基线健康结果发生率。PM、NO 和 O 的三年平均浓度分别为 68.95（±39.86）μg/m、135.90（±47.82）μg/m 和 38.63（±12.83）十亿分之一体积（ppbv）。臭氧的 SOMO35 值在 2014-2015 年、2015-2016 年和 2016-2017 年分别为 6596.66、3411.78 和 470.88 ppbv。AP 和由于 NO 导致的自然死亡人数高于 PM，除了最后一年（2016-2017 年）外，分别导致第一年、第二年和第三年的死亡人数占比约为 39.18%、40.73%和 14.39%。然而，在最后一年，PM 导致的自然死亡率高于 NO（34.46%比 14.39%）。PM 和 NO 在所有年份造成的自然死亡总数分别为 4061 和 4391。据估计，大量死亡归因于给定的空气污染物。可以得出结论，通过设计和实施空气污染控制策略和行动，可以预防健康影响和经济损失。
