Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA; Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Plant Sci. 2019 Jun;283:343-354. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.004. Epub 2019 Mar 18.
Second messengers are cellular chemicals that act as "language codes", allowing cells to pass outside information to the cell interior. The cells then respond through triggering downstream reactions, including transcriptional reprograming to affect appropriate adaptive responses. The spatiotemporal patterning of these stimuli-induced signal changes has been referred to as a "signature", which is detected, decoded, and transmitted to elicit these downstream cellular responses. Recent studies have suggested that dynamic changes in second messengers, such as calcium (Ca), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO), serve as signatures for both intracellular signaling and cell-to-cell communications. These second messenger signatures work in concert with physical signal signatures (such as electrical and hydraulic waves) to create a "lock and key" mechanism that triggers appropriate response to highly varied stresses. In plants, detailed information of how these signatures deploy their downstream signaling networks remains to be elucidated. Recent evidence suggests a mutual interplay between Ca and ROS signaling has important implications for fine-tuning cellular signaling networks in plant immunity. These two signaling mechanisms amplify each other and this interaction may be a critical element of their roles in information processing for plant defense responses.
第二信使是细胞内的化学物质，充当“语言密码”，使细胞能够将外部信息传递到细胞内部。然后，细胞通过触发下游反应做出反应，包括转录重编程以影响适当的适应性反应。这些刺激诱导的信号变化的时空模式被称为“特征”，该特征被检测、解码并传输以引发这些下游细胞反应。最近的研究表明，第二信使（如钙 (Ca)、活性氧 (ROS) 和一氧化氮 (NO)）的动态变化可作为细胞内信号传导和细胞间通讯的特征。这些第二信使特征与物理信号特征（如电和液压波）协同工作，形成“锁和钥匙”机制，以触发对高度变化的应激的适当反应。在植物中，这些特征如何部署其下游信号网络的详细信息仍有待阐明。最近的证据表明，Ca 和 ROS 信号之间的相互作用对植物免疫中精细调节细胞信号网络具有重要意义。这两种信号机制相互放大，这种相互作用可能是它们在植物防御反应信息处理中作用的关键因素。
