Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, Col. Centro, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico.
Campo Experimental Norman E. Borlaug-INIFAP, 85000 Norman E. Borlaug Km. 12, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico.
Ecotoxicology. 2019 Jul;28(5):569-577. doi: 10.1007/s10646-019-02053-x. Epub 2019 May 25.
Chlorothalonil is a commonly used fungicide to control the karnal bunt caused by Tilletia indica Mitra in wheat production from the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. Here, the effect of Chlorothalonil on the growth of 132 bacterial strains associated with wheat rhizosphere from the Yaqui Valley was evaluated, as well as their ability to produce indoles. Thirty-three percent of the evaluated strains were inhibited by Chlorothalonil, being Bacillus and Paenibacillus the most inhibited genera, observing an inhibition >50% of their strains. In addition, 49% of the inhibited strains showed the ability to produce indoles (>5 μg/mL), where the genus Bacillus was the most abundant (80%). The remaining strains (67%) were tolerant to the evaluated fungicide, but only 37% of those showed the ability to produce indoles, which could be considered as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). These results showed that Chlorothalonil is not only an antifungal compound but also inhibits the growth of bacterial strains with the ability to produce indoles. Thus, the intensive application of fungicides to agro-systems needs more validation in order to develop sustainable agricultural practices for food production.
百菌清是一种常用的杀菌剂，用于防治墨西哥亚基山谷小麦生产中由印度腥黑粉菌引起的小麦腥黑穗病。在这里，评估了百菌清对来自亚基山谷的 132 种与小麦根际相关的细菌菌株的生长的影响，以及它们产生吲哚的能力。33%的评估菌株被百菌清抑制，其中芽孢杆菌属和类芽孢杆菌属是受抑制最严重的属，观察到它们的菌株有超过 50%的抑制率。此外，49%的受抑制菌株表现出产生吲哚（>5μg/mL）的能力，其中芽孢杆菌属最为丰富（80%）。其余（67%）的菌株对评估的杀菌剂具有耐受性，但只有 37%的菌株具有产生吲哚的能力，这可以被认为是植物生长促进根际细菌（PGPR）。这些结果表明，百菌清不仅是一种抗真菌化合物，而且还抑制具有产生吲哚能力的细菌菌株的生长。因此，为了开发可持续的农业生产实践，需要对农业系统中杀菌剂的大量使用进行更多的验证。
