Department of Sociology, Zhejiang University, China.
Department of Sociology, Tsinghua University, China.
Soc Sci Res. 2019 Jul;81:106-116. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.03.006. Epub 2019 Mar 15.
Using a diagonal reference model to analyze data from three waves of Chinese General Social Surveys conducted between 2006 and 2012, we examine how social mobility affects political participation in urban China. We classify political participation into three main categories: voting participation (grassroots elections in the People's Congress and neighborhood committees); voluntary participation (civic activities in social organizations and NGOs); and mixed participation (activities in state corporatism organizations). Our findings demonstrate that there is an asymmetry effect of social mobility in voluntary participation in which the upwardly mobile tend to adapt more to their destinations, while the downwardly mobile tend to adhere more to their origins. But in both voting and mixed participation, political behaviors are more influenced by destination effect. These findings suggest that despite increased civic engagement in NGOs and nonprofit organizations as a mode of voluntary participation, identification with the party apparatus still remains an important factor in explaining the political behaviors of the upwardly mobile in China. When people rise in class status, they tend to be more politically conservative and to build alliances with state agencies by participating in party-sponsored political initiatives.
利用一个对角线参考模型，我们分析了 2006 年至 2012 年期间进行的三次中国综合社会调查的数据，考察了社会流动如何影响中国城市的政治参与。我们将政治参与分为三个主要类别：投票参与（人民代表大会和居委会的基层选举）；志愿参与（社会组织和非政府组织的公民活动）；以及混合参与（国家社团组织的活动）。我们的研究结果表明，社会流动在志愿参与中存在不对称效应，向上流动的人更容易适应他们的目的地，而向下流动的人则更倾向于坚持他们的出身。但在投票和混合参与中，政治行为更多地受到目的地效应的影响。这些发现表明，尽管 NGO 和非营利组织作为志愿参与的一种模式，公民参与有所增加，但对党的机构的认同仍然是解释中国向上流动者政治行为的一个重要因素。当人们在阶级地位上升时，他们往往更倾向于政治保守，通过参与党赞助的政治倡议与国家机构建立联盟。
