Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Materials - PIPE, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, 81.531-990 Curitiba PR, Brazil; Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland.
Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Sep 30;180:616-623. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.058. Epub 2019 May 24.
Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a by-product of bio-oil, which is obtained by pyrolysis of the wood. This product has been tested for use in several areas, such as agriculture, as a promising green herbicide; however, there are few scientific data regarding its environmental impacts. For this study, an ecotoxicity testing battery, composed of Daphnia magna acute toxicity test, Allium cepa test and in vitro Comet assay with the rainbow trout gonad-2 cell fish line (RTG-2) were used to evaluate the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of PA obtained from fast pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood fines. The PA presented acute toxicity to D. magna (microcrustacea) with EC of 26.12 mg/L, and inhibited the seed germination (EC 5.556 g/L) and root development (EC 3.436 g/L) of A. cepa (higher plant). No signs of genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in A. cepa and primary DNA lesions in RTG-2 cells) were detected to this product. The acute toxicity and absence of genotoxicity may relate to the molecules found in the PA, being the phenolic fraction the key chemical candidate responsible for the toxicity observed. In addition, daphnids seem to be more sensitivity to the toxicity of PA than higher plants based on their EC values. This first ecotoxicological evaluation of PA from fast pyrolysis pointed out the need of determining environmental exposure limits to promote the safer agriculture use of this product, avoiding impacts to living organisms.
木醋液（PA）是生物油的一种副产物，由木材热解得到。该产品已在农业等领域进行了测试，作为一种有前途的绿色除草剂；然而，关于其环境影响的科学数据很少。在这项研究中，采用了一套生态毒性测试组合，包括大型溞急性毒性测试、洋葱根尖细胞微核测试和虹鳟性腺-2 细胞系（RTG-2）体外彗星试验，以评估由速生桉树屑热解得到的 PA 的急性毒性和遗传毒性。PA 对大型溞（微型甲壳动物）表现出急性毒性，EC 值为 26.12mg/L，并抑制洋葱根尖的种子萌发（EC 5.556g/L）和根发育（EC 3.436g/L）。该产品未显示出遗传毒性（洋葱根尖的染色体畸变和微核以及 RTG-2 细胞的原发性 DNA 损伤）。这种急性毒性和无遗传毒性可能与 PA 中发现的分子有关，酚类化合物是导致观察到的毒性的关键化学候选物。此外，基于 EC 值，溞类似乎比高等植物对 PA 的毒性更为敏感。这项对快速热解木醋液的首次生态毒性评估指出，需要确定环境暴露限值，以促进该产品在农业中的更安全使用，避免对生物的影响。
