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卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒糖蛋白 H 对于上皮细胞、内皮细胞和成纤维细胞类型的感染是必不可少的。

Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Glycoprotein H Is Indispensable for Infection of Epithelial, Endothelial, and Fibroblast Cell Types.

机构信息

Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.

Chapman University, School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California, USA.

出版信息

J Virol. 2019 Jul 30;93(16). doi: 10.1128/JVI.00630-19. Print 2019 Aug 15.

Abstract

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an emerging pathogen and is the causative infectious agent of Kaposi sarcoma and two malignancies of B cell origin. To date, there is no licensed KSHV vaccine. Development of an effective vaccine against KSHV continues to be limited by a poor understanding of how the virus initiates acute primary infection in diverse human cell types. The role of glycoprotein H (gH) in herpesvirus entry mechanisms remains largely unresolved. To characterize the requirement for KSHV gH in the viral life cycle and in determination of cell tropism, we generated and characterized a mutant KSHV in which expression of gH was abrogated. Using a bacterial artificial chromosome containing a complete recombinant KSHV genome and recombinant DNA technology, we inserted stop codons into the gH coding region. We used electron microscopy to reveal that the gH-null mutant virus assembled and exited from cells normally, compared to wild-type virus. Using purified virions, we assessed infectivity of the gH-null mutant in diverse mammalian cell types Unlike wild-type virus or a gH-containing revertant, the gH-null mutant was unable to infect any of the epithelial, endothelial, or fibroblast cell types tested. However, its ability to infect B cells was equivocal and remains to be investigated due to generally poor infectivity Together, these results suggest that gH is critical for KSHV infection of highly permissive cell types, including epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblast cells. All homologues of herpesvirus gH studied to date have been implicated in playing an essential role in viral infection of diverse permissive cell types. However, the role of gH in the mechanism of KSHV infection remains largely unresolved. In this study, we generated a gH-null mutant KSHV and provided evidence that deficiency of gH expression did not affect viral particle assembly or egress. Using the gH-null mutant, we showed that gH was indispensable for KSHV infection of epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblast cells This suggests that gH is an important target for the development of a KSHV prophylactic vaccine to prevent initial viral infection.

摘要

卡波济肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)是一种新兴病原体,也是卡波济肉瘤和两种 B 细胞来源恶性肿瘤的致病感染因子。迄今为止,尚无 KSHV 获批疫苗。由于对病毒如何在不同的人类细胞类型中引发急性原发性感染的机制缺乏了解,因此针对 KSHV 的有效疫苗的开发仍然受到限制。糖蛋白 H(gH)在疱疹病毒进入机制中的作用在很大程度上仍未得到解决。为了阐明 KSHV gH 在病毒生命周期中的必要性以及对细胞嗜性的决定作用,我们构建并鉴定了一种 gH 表达被阻断的 KSHV 突变株。我们使用含有完整重组 KSHV 基因组的细菌人工染色体和重组 DNA 技术,在 gH 编码区插入终止密码子。我们使用电子显微镜发现,与野生型病毒相比,gH 缺失突变病毒组装并正常从细胞中逸出。使用纯化的病毒颗粒,我们评估了 gH 缺失突变在不同的哺乳动物细胞类型中的感染性。与野生型病毒或含有 gH 的回复突变体不同,gH 缺失突变体不能感染我们测试的任何上皮细胞、内皮细胞或成纤维细胞类型。然而,其感染 B 细胞的能力存在疑问,且仍有待研究,因为其感染性通常较差。这些结果表明,gH 对于 KSHV 感染高度允许的细胞类型(包括上皮细胞、内皮细胞和成纤维细胞)至关重要。迄今为止,所有研究过的疱疹病毒 gH 同源物都被认为在病毒感染多种允许的细胞类型中发挥重要作用。然而,gH 在 KSHV 感染机制中的作用在很大程度上仍未得到解决。在这项研究中,我们构建了 gH 缺失突变 KSHV,并提供了证据表明 gH 表达的缺乏不影响病毒颗粒的组装或释放。使用 gH 缺失突变体,我们表明 gH 对于 KSHV 感染上皮细胞、内皮细胞和成纤维细胞是必不可少的。这表明 gH 是开发用于预防初始病毒感染的 KSHV 预防性疫苗的重要靶点。

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