Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC) and Alma Mater Institute on Healthy Planet, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Aug 19;24(16):12963. doi: 10.3390/ijms241612963.
Cancer vaccines are increasingly being studied as a possible strategy to prevent and treat cancers. While several prophylactic vaccines for virus-caused cancers are approved and efficiently used worldwide, the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines needs to be further implemented. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled protein structures that mimic native viruses or bacteriophages but lack the replicative material. VLP platforms are designed to display single or multiple antigens with a high-density pattern, which can trigger both cellular and humoral responses. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of preventive VLP-based vaccines currently approved worldwide against HBV and HPV infections or under evaluation to prevent virus-caused cancers. Furthermore, preclinical and early clinical data on prophylactic and therapeutic VLP-based cancer vaccines were summarized with a focus on HER-2-positive breast cancer.
癌症疫苗作为预防和治疗癌症的一种可能策略，越来越受到关注。虽然已经批准并在全球范围内有效使用了几种针对病毒引起的癌症的预防性疫苗，但治疗性癌症疫苗的开发仍需要进一步实施。病毒样颗粒（VLPs）是自我组装的蛋白质结构，模拟天然病毒或噬菌体，但缺乏复制材料。VLP 平台旨在以高密度模式展示单个或多个抗原，从而引发细胞和体液反应。本综述的目的是全面概述目前全球批准用于预防 HBV 和 HPV 感染或正在评估以预防病毒引起的癌症的预防性基于 VLP 的疫苗。此外，还总结了预防性和治疗性基于 VLP 的癌症疫苗的临床前和早期临床数据，重点是 HER-2 阳性乳腺癌。
