Departamento de Investigación Aplicada-Driscolls, Libramiento Sur #1620, Jacona 59833, Michoacán, Mexico.
Postgrado en Fitosanidad-Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km. 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico.
Viruses. 2019 May 29;11(6):491. doi: 10.3390/v11060491.
This review collects information about the history of avocado and the economically important disease, avocado sunblotch, caused by the avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd). Sunblotch symptoms are variable, but the most common in fruits are irregular sunken areas of white, yellow, or reddish color. On severely affected fruits, the sunken areas may become necrotic. ASBVd (type species , family ) replicates and accumulates in the chloroplast, and it is the smallest plant pathogen. This pathogen is a circular single-stranded RNA of 246-251 nucleotides. ASBVd has a restricted host range and only few plant species of the family have been confirmed experimentally as additional hosts. The most reliable method to detect ASBVd in the field is to identify symptomatic fruits, complemented in the laboratory with reliable and sensitive molecular techniques to identify infected but asymptomatic trees. This pathogen is widely distributed in most avocado-producing areas and causes significant reductions in yield and fruit quality. Infected asymptomatic trees play an important role in the epidemiology of this disease, and avocado nurseries need to be certified to ensure they provide pathogen-free avocado material. Although there is no cure for infected trees, sanitation practices may have a significant impact on avoiding the spread of this pathogen.
这篇综述收集了鳄梨的历史信息以及由鳄梨日灼病毒（ASBVd）引起的经济上重要的疾病——鳄梨日灼病。日灼病的症状多种多样，但在果实中最常见的是不规则的白色、黄色或红色凹陷区域。在受严重影响的果实中，凹陷区域可能会坏死。ASBVd（模式种，科）在叶绿体中复制和积累，是最小的植物病原体。这种病原体是一种 246-251 个核苷酸的圆形单链 RNA。ASBVd 的宿主范围有限，只有少数几个科的植物已被实验证实是额外的宿主。在田间最可靠的检测 ASBVd 的方法是识别有症状的果实，在实验室中补充可靠和敏感的分子技术来识别感染但无症状的树木。该病原体广泛分布于大多数鳄梨产区，导致产量和果实品质显著下降。感染无症状的树木在该疾病的流行病学中起着重要作用，鳄梨苗圃需要经过认证，以确保其提供无病原体的鳄梨材料。虽然对感染树木没有治愈方法，但卫生措施可能对避免该病原体的传播有重大影响。
