Analytical Chemistry for Health and Environment, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria.
Anal Chim Acta. 2019 Sep 27;1073:1-21. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.004. Epub 2019 Apr 9.
Since the discovery of the "fish arsenic" arsenobetaine in a mushroom, arsenic species have been studied in all kinds of mushrooms, with very diverse results, for more than 20 years. Depending on the fungal species, inorganic arsenic, methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, arsenobetaine and a couple of other arsenic-containing compounds have been detected in all kinds of concentrations in natural samples. A rule to predict the arsenic speciation of a new mushroom is yet to be found. Some research has been devoted to the question about the origin of the different arsenic species in mushrooms. It is still not clear whether mushrooms are able to transform arsenic by themselves or if they just take it up from the environment. For the determination of the arsenic species in mushrooms, high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is used most of the times, but a few alternative approaches exist. This review will give an overview of these different techniques and critically discuss them. The arsenic species that have been found in mushrooms so far will be summarized, and the work that has been devoted to unraveling the origins of these compounds will be discussed in depth. The interesting phenomenon of arsenic hyperaccumulation by mushrooms will be reviewed as well.
自在蘑菇中发现“鱼砷”砷甜菜碱以来，20 多年来，人们一直在研究各种蘑菇中的砷形态，结果非常多样化。根据真菌种类的不同，在天然样品中已检测到无机砷、甲基砷酸、二甲基砷酸、砷甜菜碱和其他几种含砷化合物，存在着各种浓度。目前尚未找到预测新蘑菇中砷形态的规则。一些研究致力于探讨蘑菇中不同砷形态的起源问题。目前尚不清楚蘑菇是否能够自行转化砷，或者它们只是从环境中摄取砷。对于蘑菇中砷形态的测定，大多数情况下使用高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用，但也存在一些替代方法。本文综述了这些不同的技术，并对它们进行了批判性的讨论。总结了迄今为止在蘑菇中发现的砷形态，并深入讨论了为揭示这些化合物的来源而进行的研究工作。还回顾了蘑菇砷超积累的有趣现象。
