Moore M Katherine, Frazier Kim
Forensic Laboratory, Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412.
Wyoming Game and Fish Wildlife Forensic and Fish Health Laboratory, 1212 South Adams Street, Laramie, WY, 82070.
J Forensic Sci. 2019 Nov;64(6):1603-1621. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14066. Epub 2019 May 31.
Wildlife forensics has recently been recognized among the wide variety of forensic science disciplines. This review compares human and wildlife DNA forensics, which use the same genetic tools, but often for far different purposes. Human forensic genetics almost invariably attempts to identify individual perpetrators involved in a given crime. Wildlife forensics often determines whether a crime has occurred. In addition to techniques familiar in human laboratories, like individual matching with STRs, wildlife analysts may be asked to determine the taxonomic identity, geographic source, or sex of evidence items, or the familial relationships or minimum number of individuals among a group of samples. This review highlights the common questions, legal framework, databases, and similar validation requirements to foster understanding between disciplines. Based on this understanding, human and wildlife DNA practitioners may work together and learn from each other in order to elevate the discipline of forensic genetics.
野生动物法医鉴定最近在众多法医学科中得到了认可。本综述比较了人类和野生动物DNA法医鉴定，它们使用相同的遗传工具，但目的往往大不相同。人类法医遗传学几乎总是试图识别涉及特定犯罪的个体作案者。野生动物法医鉴定通常要确定是否发生了犯罪行为。除了人类实验室中常见的技术，如通过短串联重复序列（STR）进行个体匹配外，野生动物分析人员可能还需要确定证据物品的分类身份、地理来源或性别，或者一组样本之间的家族关系或个体最小数量。本综述强调了常见问题、法律框架、数据库以及类似的验证要求，以促进各学科之间的理解。基于这种理解，人类和野生动物DNA从业者可以共同合作并相互学习，以提升法医遗传学学科水平。
