Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources (DECivil), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Lisbon, Portugal.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Aug 15;244:422-430. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.027. Epub 2019 May 28.
Over the last five decades, resilience has received ever greater interest from academics and practitioners and has been applied in different scientific areas, such as engineering, environmental science or medicine. In particular, resilience has become a fundamental concept in contemporary urban development, planning and management (UDPM). Despite the various reviews that have recently been made of this subject, an updated analysis of the concept is required so that commonly held views about resilience can be matched against empirical evidence while, at the same time, clarifying the use of its main formulations and connecting its embryonic development to its application in urban-centric research. This paper therefore reviews the concept of resilience (considering its primary formulations, its historical evolution and its conceptual underpinnings), establishing how it has been applied and developed in the UDPM context. Based on this review, this paper reiterates the idea of a three-dimensional framework for exploring the concept of resilience ([1] 'engineering' vs. [2] 'ecological' vs. [3] 'evolutionary resilience'). The search for urban resilience can potentially adopt an integrative approach, assuming an evolutionary perspective that can be adapted to different situations and stakeholders, thus offering a better adjusted and more dynamic urban planning and management.
在过去的五十年中，韧性受到了学术界和实践者越来越多的关注，并已应用于工程、环境科学或医学等不同的科学领域。特别是，韧性已成为当代城市发展、规划和管理（UDPM）的一个基本概念。尽管最近对这一主题进行了各种综述，但仍需要对该概念进行更新分析，以便将对韧性的普遍看法与经验证据相对照，同时阐明其主要表述的使用，并将其萌芽发展与其在以城市为中心的研究中的应用联系起来。因此，本文回顾了韧性的概念（考虑其主要表述、历史演变和概念基础），并确定了它在 UDPM 背景下的应用和发展方式。基于这一综述，本文重申了探索韧性概念的三维框架的理念([1]“工程”与[2]“生态”与[3]“进化韧性”）。对城市韧性的探索可以采用一种综合方法，采用一种适应不同情况和利益相关者的进化视角，从而提供一种适应性更强、更具动态性的城市规划和管理。
