Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences-Paris (IRD, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, UPEC), 75252 Paris, France.
Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences-Paris (IRD, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, UPEC), 75252 Paris, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jun 1;667:475-484. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.410. Epub 2019 Feb 27.
The world human population is more and more urban and cities have a strong impact on the biosphere. This explains the development of urban ecology. In this context, the goal of our work is fourfold: to describe the diversity of scientific questions in urban ecology, show how these questions are organized, to assess how these questions can be built in close interactions with stakeholders, to better understand the role urban ecology can play within ecological sciences. A workshop with scientists from all relevant fields (from ecology to sociology) and stakeholders was organized by the Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB). Three types of scientific issues were outlined about (1) the biodiversity of organisms living in urban areas, (2) the functioning of urban organisms and ecosystems, (3) interactions between human societies and urban ecological systems. For all types of issues we outlined it was possible to distinguish both fundamental and applied scientific questions. This allowed building a unique research agenda encompassing all possible types of scientific issues in urban ecology. As all types of ecological and evolutionary questions can be asked in urban areas, urban ecology will likely be more and more influential in the development of ecology. Taken together, the future of towns, their biodiversity and the life of city dwellers is at stake. Increasing the space for ecosystems and biodiversity within towns is more and more viewed as crucial for the well-being of town dwellers. Depending on research and the way its results are taken into account, very different towns could emerge. Urban areas can be viewed as a test and a laboratory for the future of the interactions between human and ecological systems.
世界人口越来越城市化，城市对生物圈有着强大的影响。这解释了城市生态学的发展。在这种背景下，我们工作的目标有四个：描述城市生态学中科学问题的多样性，展示这些问题是如何组织的，评估这些问题如何与利益相关者密切互动，更好地理解城市生态学在生态科学中的作用。基础生物多样性研究基金会（FRB）组织了一次有来自所有相关领域（从生态学到社会学）的科学家和利益相关者参加的研讨会。概述了三种类型的科学问题：（1）生活在城市地区的生物多样性，（2）城市生物和生态系统的功能，（3）人类社会与城市生态系统之间的相互作用。对于所有类型的问题，我们都可以区分出基础科学问题和应用科学问题。这使得构建一个独特的研究议程成为可能，该议程涵盖了城市生态学中所有可能类型的科学问题。由于所有类型的生态和进化问题都可以在城市地区提出，因此城市生态学在生态学的发展中可能会越来越有影响力。总的来说，城镇的未来、它们的生物多样性以及城镇居民的生活都处于危险之中。在城镇中为生态系统和生物多样性增加空间，越来越被视为城镇居民福祉的关键。根据研究及其结果被考虑的方式，城镇可能会有很大的不同。城市地区可以被视为人类和生态系统之间相互作用的未来的一个测试和实验室。
