Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Cancer Cytopathol. 2019 Aug;127(8):493-500. doi: 10.1002/cncy.22143. Epub 2019 Jun 2.
The cytomorphologic evaluation of serous cavity specimens can quickly determine the cause of an effusion as well as the presence or absence of a neoplastic process. Ancillary tests such as immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization are frequently used to help to definitively identify malignant cells, determine a site of origin, and distinguish between malignant and reactive mesothelial proliferations. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly evaluated in cytologic specimens, including those from serous cavities. The examination of miRNA is attractive because of the stability of miRNA in such specimens and data suggesting that miRNA can provide prognostic and therapeutic information in addition to its role in diagnosis. Furthermore, miRNAs exist within extracellular exosomes, and this allows for their analysis in specimens that contain only rare malignant cells, degenerated cells, or obscuring components. This review discusses the technical aspects of specimen processing for miRNA analysis, recent studies of miRNA expression in malignant serous cavity specimens, and the potential importance of miRNA expression analysis for serous cavity specimens in the near future.
浆膜腔标本的细胞形态学评估可以快速确定积液的原因以及是否存在肿瘤过程。免疫组织化学和荧光原位杂交等辅助试验常用于帮助明确鉴定恶性细胞、确定起源部位，并区分恶性和反应性间皮增生。近年来，微 RNA（miRNA）在细胞学标本中的评估越来越多，包括浆膜腔标本。检查 miRNA 很有吸引力，因为 miRNA 在这些标本中的稳定性，并且数据表明 miRNA 除了在诊断中发挥作用外，还可以提供预后和治疗信息。此外，miRNA 存在于细胞外的外泌体中，这使得它们可以在仅含有少量恶性细胞、退化细胞或有遮蔽成分的标本中进行分析。本文讨论了 miRNA 分析标本处理的技术方面、恶性浆膜腔标本中 miRNA 表达的最新研究，以及 miRNA 表达分析对浆膜腔标本在不久的将来的潜在重要性。
