IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2020 Feb;71(1):36-49. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1614540. Epub 2019 Jun 3.
Beyond being a source of key nutrients, bovine milk influences physiological functions by synthesising bioactive peptides during the process of digestion. Some of the claimed negative health outcomes associated with milk consumption, such as cardiovascular diseases and type 1 diabetes may be attributed to an opioid peptide, beta-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7), derived from A1 beta-casein. BCM-7 exerts its function by binding to the μ-opioid receptors in the body. It is hypothesised that activation of the μ-opioid receptors in the gut can alter gut microbial composition, impair gut barrier integrity and bile acid metabolism, in addition to increasing gastrointestinal transit time and gut inflammation. Further, it is hypothesised that BCM-7 may influence fractures and obesity via μ-opioid receptor pathways. In conclusion, it appears that BCM-7 might have multiple functions pertinent to human health; however, the evidence is limited and warrants further pre-clinical and clinical studies for hypothesis confirmation.
除了作为关键营养素的来源，牛奶在消化过程中还能合成生物活性肽，从而影响生理功能。一些与牛奶消费有关的声称的负面健康结果，如心血管疾病和 1 型糖尿病，可能归因于一种阿片样肽，β-酪啡肽-7（BCM-7），它来源于 A1 乳清蛋白。BCM-7 通过与体内的μ-阿片受体结合发挥作用。据推测，肠道中μ-阿片受体的激活可以改变肠道微生物组成，损害肠道屏障完整性和胆汁酸代谢，此外还会增加胃肠道转运时间和肠道炎症。此外，据推测 BCM-7 可能通过 μ-阿片受体途径影响骨折和肥胖。总之，BCM-7 似乎对人类健康有多种功能；然而，证据有限，需要进一步的临床前和临床研究来验证假设。
