State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; and Corresponding author. Email:
Funct Plant Biol. 2019 Aug;46(9):845-856. doi: 10.1071/FP18182.
The Chenopodiaceae Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. is a traditional Chinese medicine and food with green and red phenotypes in the Yellow River Delta. We identified 521 metabolites using widely targeted metabolomics, of which 165 were selected as significantly differential metabolites which could be related to the leaf traits of different phenotypes of S. salsa. Two anthocyanins (i.e. cyanidin O-acetylhexoside and delphinidin-3-O-(6'-O-α-rhamnopyranosy l-β-glucopyranoside)) were responsible for red colour in red leaves of S. salsa. Gallic acid, which existed only in red one, was the main reason for leaf succulence. D-arabitol and ribitol were two significantly upregulated carbohydrates in red phenotype. Four alkaloids (i.e. harmaline, aminophylline, pipecolate and trigonelline) were upregulated in red leaves. Hormonal changed involved a decrease in indoleacetic acid-valine (IAA-Val), N6-isopentenyladenosine-5'-monophosphate (iPRMP), isopentenyladenineriboside (iPR), trans-abscisic acid (S-ABA), salicylic acid O-hexoside, methyl jasmonate, N6-isopentenyladenine (iP), trans-zeatin riboside-O-glucoside iso2, trans-zeatin riboside-O-glucoside, and a tendency for dihydrozeatin 9-O-glucoside (DZ9G) down accumulation. In addition, the regulation of amino acids and lipids also contributed to the adaptation of red phenotype to harsh environment. Generally, our findings provide a comprehensive comparison of the metabolites between two phenotypes of S. salsa and an interpretation of phenotypic differences from the point of metabolomics.
黄河三角洲的盐地碱蓬（Chenopodiaceae Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall.）既是传统的中药，也是食品。我们采用广泛靶向代谢组学方法鉴定了 521 种代谢产物，其中 165 种被选为差异代谢产物，可能与盐地碱蓬不同表型叶片特性有关。两种花色苷（即矢车菊素-O-乙酰己糖苷和飞燕草素-3-O-(6'-O-α-鼠李吡喃糖基-β-葡萄糖苷)）导致了盐地碱蓬红叶的红色。仅存在于红色叶片中的没食子酸是叶片多汁的主要原因。D-阿拉伯糖醇和核糖醇是红色表型中两个显著上调的碳水化合物。四种生物碱（即哈尔满、氨茶碱、哌可酸盐和三叶草碱）在红色叶片中上调。激素变化涉及吲哚乙酸-缬氨酸（IAA-Val）、N6-异戊烯基腺嘌呤-5'-单磷酸（iPRMP）、异戊烯基腺苷核糖（iPR）、反式脱落酸（S-ABA）、水杨酸-O-己糖苷、茉莉酸甲酯、N6-异戊烯基腺嘌呤（iP）、反式玉米素核苷-O-葡萄糖苷 iso2、反式玉米素核苷-O-葡萄糖苷和二氢玉米素 9-O-葡萄糖苷（DZ9G）的含量下降趋势。此外，氨基酸和脂质的调节也有助于红色表型适应恶劣环境。总的来说，我们的研究结果提供了盐地碱蓬两种表型之间代谢产物的全面比较，并从代谢组学的角度解释了表型差异。
