Zhou Yaxing, Wang Zhenguo, Li Yan, Li Zhigang, Liu Hui, Zhou Wei
Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000 Inner Mongolia, China.
Tongliao Academy of Agricultural Science, Tongliao, 028000 Inner Mongolia, China.
Int J Genomics. 2020 Mar 4;2020:6247429. doi: 10.1155/2020/6247429. eCollection 2020.
Sweet sorghum () is one of the most important cereal crops in the world with colorful seeds. To study the diversity and cultivar-specificity of phytochemicals in sweet sorghum seeds, widely targeted metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolic profiles of the white, red, and purple seeds from three sweet sorghum cultivars Z6, Z27, and HC4. We identified 651 metabolites that were divided into 24 categories, including fatty acids, glycerolipids, flavonoids, benzoic acid derivatives, anthocyanins, and nucleotides and its derivatives. Among them, 217 metabolites were selected as significantly differential metabolites which could be related to the seed color by clustering analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal signal correction and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). A significant difference was shown between the red seed and purple seed samples, Z27 and HC4, in which 106 were downregulated and 111 were upregulated. The result indicated that 240 metabolites were significantly different, which could be related to the purple color with 58 metabolites downregulated and 182 metabolites upregulated. And 199 metabolites might be involved in the red phenotype with 54 downregulated and 135 upregulated. There were 45 metabolites that were common to all three cultivars, while cyanidin O-malonyl-malonyl hexoside, cyanidin O-acetylhexoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucosyl-malonylglucoside were significantly upregulated red seeds, which could be the basis for the variety of seed colors. Generally, our findings provide a comprehensive comparison of the metabolites between the three phenotypes of and an interpretation of phenotypic differences from the point of metabolomics.
甜高粱（）是世界上最重要的谷物作物之一，其种子颜色多样。为了研究甜高粱种子中植物化学物质的多样性和品种特异性，采用广泛靶向代谢组学方法分析了三个甜高粱品种Z6、Z27和HC4的白色、红色和紫色种子的代谢谱。我们鉴定出651种代谢物，分为24类，包括脂肪酸、甘油脂、黄酮类、苯甲酸衍生物、花青素以及核苷酸及其衍生物。其中，通过聚类分析、主成分分析（PCA）和正交信号校正与偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA），选择了217种代谢物作为显著差异代谢物，这些代谢物可能与种子颜色有关。红色种子和紫色种子样本（Z27和HC4）之间存在显著差异，其中106种代谢物下调，111种代谢物上调。结果表明，240种代谢物存在显著差异，其中58种代谢物下调，182种代谢物上调，这些代谢物可能与紫色有关。199种代谢物可能参与红色表型，其中54种下调，135种上调。三个品种共有45种代谢物，而矢车菊素O-丙二酰-丙二酰己糖苷、矢车菊素O-乙酰己糖苷和矢车菊素3-O-葡萄糖基-丙二酰葡萄糖苷在红色种子中显著上调，这可能是种子颜色多样的基础。总体而言，我们的研究结果对甜高粱三种表型之间的代谢物进行了全面比较，并从代谢组学角度解释了表型差异。
