Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Raitt Hall, Box 353410, Seattle, WA 98105.
Nutrition Policy Institute, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2115 Milvia Street, 3rd Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704.
J Sch Health. 2019 Aug;89(8):653-661. doi: 10.1111/josh.12790. Epub 2019 Jun 3.
Youth water consumption is inadequate. Increasing adolescent water consumption could support decreased dental caries and body mass index (BMI). Most schools are required to provide free, potable water. However, there is evidence that schools' self-reported compliance data overestimate access to water in schools. We tested the feasibility of using student citizen scientists to collect high quality observational data about water sources in schools.
We trained 12 teams of high school students to use a validated photo-evidence protocol to photograph and submit data on water sources in elementary and secondary schools. We surveyed students and advisors to assess student learning, advisor burden, and project feasibility.
Students submitted data for 325 water sources across 40 racially and economically diverse schools. We were able to use 99% of the student-submitted photographs to measure water source wear, cleanliness, accessibility, and flow. The majority of students (72%, N = 70) spent under 2 hours photographing each school. The majority of students and advisors felt the project was valuable and feasible.
High school students can use a photographic method to collect data for analysis, and understand access to water in schools. This is a feasible, scalable, cost-effective method to gather valid water source data.
青少年的饮水量不足。增加青少年的饮水量可能有助于减少龋齿和身体质量指数（BMI）。大多数学校都必须提供免费的饮用水。然而，有证据表明，学校自我报告的合规数据高估了学校的用水情况。我们测试了使用学生公民科学家收集有关学校水源的高质量观察数据的可行性。
我们培训了 12 个高中生团队，让他们使用经过验证的照片证据协议来拍摄和提交小学和中学水源的数据。我们对学生和顾问进行了调查，以评估学生的学习、顾问的负担以及项目的可行性。
学生们提交了 40 所种族和经济多样化的学校中 325 个水源的数据。我们能够使用学生提交的 99%的照片来衡量水源的磨损、清洁度、可及性和流量。大多数学生（72%，N=70）拍摄每所学校的照片花费不到 2 小时。大多数学生和顾问认为该项目有价值且可行。
高中生可以使用摄影方法收集用于分析的数据，并了解学校的用水情况。这是一种可行、可扩展、具有成本效益的方法，可以收集有效的水源数据。
