肥胖对青春期前和青春期后的男孩及女孩的次最大摄氧量与心率关系以及运动经济性的影响不同。
Obesity Affects Submaximal Oxygen Uptake-Heart Rate Relationship and Exercise Economy Differently in Pre- and Post-pubescent Boys and Girls.
作者信息
Rivas Eric, Huynh Hien, Galassetti Pietro R
机构信息
Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Institute for Clinical and Translational Science & Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
出版信息
Int J Exerc Sci. 2019 May 1;12(3):748-763. doi: 10.70252/TGKR1297. eCollection 2019.
The purpose of this study was to develop regression equations for estimating the intensity of the exercise work rate (relative peak oxygen uptake-heart rate [%VO-HR]) and the metabolic energy expenditure (MEE) for exercise prescription and rehabilitation medicine that are specific to children. This study took into account that the specific data in terms of obesity, sex, and pubertal status are currently unavailable. Our hypothesis was that obesity would affect the submaximal exercise the oxygen uptake (VO), heart rate (HR), and metabolic energy expenditure (MEE), and exercise economy (ExEco). In this retrospective study, the regression analysis was performed on 126 children, matching groups for Tanner pubertal status (prepubertal: 1.8±0.7; postpubertal: 4.1±0.7), BMI-for-age percentile (lean: 50±26; obese: 96±4), and sex (girls: 48%; boys: 52%). Percent peakVO was regressed against HR, MEE against work rate (watt), and exercise economy (ExEco, mLO·kg lean body mass·min) against work rate. Additionally, stepwise linear regression was used to identify predictors for exercise peak work rate. Prepubertal and postpubertal boys exercise at lower work rates than obese (%peakVO2-HR slope; =0.01). The reverse was true in girls, lean prepubertal work at lower compared lean postpubertal (%peakVO2-HR slope; =0.03). Boys expend more calories during exercise compared to girls (MEE-slope; =0.01), with no effect of puberty or obesity. Obese prepubertal children have poor ExEco compared to lean prepubertal children (ExEco-work rate slopes; <0.01) but not in postpubertal children. Strong correlations (r=0.92-0.94) for %peakVO-HR and MEE regressions for boys and girls accounted for 85-92% variation. Height, lean leg, and leg fat mass accounted for 83% of the variance for predicting peak work rate. Obesity, sex, and puberty affect exercise characteristics in children and should be considered for an individualized approach to exercise prescription in children.
本研究的目的是建立回归方程，以估算儿童运动处方和康复医学中运动工作率强度（相对峰值摄氧量 - 心率 [%VO₂ - HR]）和代谢能量消耗（MEE）。本研究考虑到目前尚无关于肥胖、性别和青春期状态的具体数据。我们的假设是肥胖会影响次极量运动时的摄氧量（VO₂）、心率（HR）、代谢能量消耗（MEE）以及运动经济性（ExEco）。在这项回顾性研究中，对126名儿童进行了回归分析，根据坦纳青春期状态（青春期前：1.8±0.7；青春期后：4.1±0.7）、年龄别BMI百分位数（瘦：50±26；肥胖：96±4）和性别（女孩：48%；男孩：52%）进行分组匹配。将峰值VO₂百分比与HR进行回归分析，将MEE与工作率（瓦特）进行回归分析，将运动经济性（ExEco，mlO₂·kg去脂体重·min）与工作率进行回归分析。此外，采用逐步线性回归来确定运动峰值工作率的预测因素。青春期前和青春期后的男孩运动工作率低于肥胖男孩（%峰值VO₂ - HR斜率；=0.01）。女孩则相反，青春期前瘦女孩的运动工作率低于青春期后瘦女孩（%峰值VO₂ - HR斜率；=0.03）。与女孩相比，男孩在运动期间消耗的卡路里更多（MEE斜率；=0.01），青春期或肥胖对此没有影响。与青春期前瘦儿童相比，肥胖的青春期前儿童运动经济性较差（ExEco - 工作率斜率；<0.01），但青春期后儿童并非如此。男孩和女孩的%峰值VO₂ - HR和MEE回归分析具有很强的相关性（r = 0.92 - 0.94），可解释85 - 92%的变异。身高、瘦腿和腿部脂肪量占预测峰值工作率方差的83%。肥胖、性别和青春期会影响儿童的运动特征，在为儿童制定个性化运动处方时应予以考虑。
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