青春期开始期间男孩和女孩身体成分、身体能力和能量消耗的纵向变化。

Longitudinal changes in body composition, physical capacities and energy expenditure in boys and girls during the onset of puberty.

作者信息

Bitar A, Vernet J, Coudert J, Vermorel M

机构信息

Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco.

出版信息

Eur J Nutr. 2000 Aug;39(4):157-63. doi: 10.1007/s003940070019.

DOI:10.1007/s003940070019

PMID:11079735

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The onset of puberty is a period of rapid anatomical and physiological alterations expected to induce changes in metabolic rate and energy requirements of children.

AIM OF THE STUDY

To evaluate the changes in anthropometrical features, body composition, physical capacities, and energy expenditure (EE) of boys and girls during the period of onset of puberty.

METHODS

Sixteen children (8 boys and 8 girls were recruited in the same school-class and studied both at 10.4 and 12.8 years of age. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance analysis. Peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) was measured using an automated on-line system during exercising on a cycle ergometer. Energy expenditure (EE) was determined by whole-body indirect calorimetry over a 24-h period after a 12-h period of adaptation to the calorimeters. Volunteers followed the same activity programme that included four 15-min periods of exercise.

RESULTS

During the onset of puberty, boys and girls gained 4.7 +/- 2.1 kg x y(-1) (P < 0.0003) fat-free mass (FFM), whereas fat mass gain was 1.0 +/- 1.2 kg x y(-1) (P < 0.05) in girls and 0.20 +/- 0.66 kg x y(-1) in boys (NS). Peak VO2 adjusted for differences in FFM was not significantly affected by gender or pubertal stage. However, adjusted external mechanical power performed at peak VO2 was higher in pubertal than in prepubertal children, by 40% (P < 0.0001) and 22% (P < 0.003) in boys and girls, respectively. It was also 17% (P < 0.0002) higher in pubertal boys than in pubertal girls. Daily and sleeping EE increased by 38% and 32% in boys and girls, respectively, during the 2.4-y period (P< 0.0001). Adjusted EEs were also significantly higher in pubertal than in prepubertal boys (P< 0.05 and P< 0.003), but not in girls. The main significant determinants of daily EE were FFM (r2 = 0.866, P < 0.0001), peak VO2 (r2 = 0.017, P < 0.04), and age (r2 = 0.014, P < 0.05). Tanner's stage was an additional determinant of sleeping EE (r2 = 0.025, P < 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS

The increases in physical capacities and EE during the onset of puberty indicated clear gender differences, which could be explained mainly by alterations of body composition in boys and girls, and by changes in hormonal status in boys. They also stressed the significant increase in energy requirements of children, especially boys, at an early stage of puberty.

摘要

背景

青春期开始是一个解剖学和生理学快速变化的时期，预计会引起儿童代谢率和能量需求的改变。

研究目的

评估青春期开始阶段男孩和女孩的人体测量特征、身体成分、身体能力和能量消耗（EE）的变化。

方法

招募了16名儿童（8名男孩和8名女孩，来自同一个班级），在10.4岁和12.8岁时进行研究。通过生物电阻抗分析评估身体成分。在使用自行车测力计进行运动期间，使用自动在线系统测量峰值摄氧量（峰值VO₂）。在适应热量计12小时后，通过全身间接量热法测定24小时的能量消耗（EE）。志愿者遵循相同的活动计划，其中包括四个15分钟的运动时段。

结果

在青春期开始阶段，男孩和女孩的去脂体重（FFM）分别增加了4.7±2.1 kg·y⁻¹（P<0.0003），而女孩的脂肪量增加为1.0±1.2 kg·y⁻¹（P<0.05），男孩为0.20±0.66 kg·y⁻¹（无显著性差异）。针对FFM差异进行调整后的峰值VO₂不受性别或青春期阶段的显著影响。然而，在峰值VO₂时的调整后外部机械功率，青春期儿童高于青春期前儿童，男孩和女孩分别高40%（P<0.0001）和22%（P<0.003）。青春期男孩也比青春期女孩高17%（P<0.0002）。在2.4年期间，男孩和女孩的每日和睡眠EE分别增加了38%和32%（P<0.0001）。青春期男孩的调整后EE也显著高于青春期前男孩（P<0.05和P<0.003），但女孩则不然。每日EE的主要显著决定因素是FFM（r² = 0.866，P<0.0001）、峰值VO₂（r² = 0.017，P<0.04）和年龄（r² = 0.014，P<0.05）。坦纳分期是睡眠EE的另一个决定因素（r² = 0.025，P<0.006）。