a National University of Ireland.
b Bioethics Institute Ghent.
Am J Bioeth. 2018 Dec;18(12):36-48. doi: 10.1080/15265161.2018.1531160.
In 2012, a new and promising gene manipulation technique, CRISPR-Cas9, was announced that seems likely to be a foundational technique in health care and agriculture. However, patents have been granted. As with other technological developments, there are concerns of social justice regarding inequalities in access. Given the technologies' "foundational" nature and societal impact, it is vital for such concerns to be translated into workable recommendations for policymakers and legislators. Colin Farrelly has proposed a moral justification for the use of patents to speed up the arrival of technology by encouraging innovation and investment. While sympathetic to his argument, this article highlights a number of problems. By examining the role of patents in CRISPR and in two previous foundational technologies, we make some recommendations for realistic and workable guidelines for patenting and licensing.
2012 年，一种新的有前途的基因操作技术 CRISPR-Cas9 被公布，这项技术似乎有望成为医疗保健和农业领域的一项基础技术。然而，专利已经被授予。与其他技术发展一样，人们担心在获取方面存在社会公正方面的不平等。鉴于这些技术的“基础性”性质和对社会的影响，将这些问题转化为对政策制定者和立法者的可行建议至关重要。Colin Farrelly 提出了利用专利来通过鼓励创新和投资来加速技术到来的道德理由。虽然对他的论点表示同情，但本文还强调了一些问题。通过研究专利在 CRISPR 技术和之前的两项基础技术中的作用，我们为专利和许可制定了一些现实可行的指导方针。
