Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Nat Rev Genet. 2019 Sep;20(9):503-519. doi: 10.1038/s41576-019-0135-1.
Mammalian genomes are extensively transcribed, which produces a large number of both coding and non-coding transcripts. Various RNAs are physically associated with chromatin, through being either retained in cis at their site of transcription or recruited in trans to other genomic regions. Driven by recent technological innovations for detecting chromatin-associated RNAs, diverse roles are being revealed for these RNAs and associated RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in gene regulation and genome function. Such functions include locus-specific roles in gene activation and silencing, as well as emerging roles in higher-order genome organization, such as involvement in long-range enhancer-promoter interactions, transcription hubs, heterochromatin, nuclear bodies and phase transitions.
哺乳动物基因组广泛转录，产生大量编码和非编码转录本。各种 RNA 通过顺式保留在其转录位点或反式招募到其他基因组区域与染色质物理结合。最近用于检测染色质相关 RNA 的技术创新推动了这些 RNA 及其相关 RNA 结合蛋白（RBPs）在基因调控和基因组功能中的多种作用的揭示。这些功能包括在基因激活和沉默中的特定位置的作用，以及在更高阶基因组组织中的新兴作用，例如参与长距离增强子-启动子相互作用、转录枢纽、异染色质、核体和相变。
