Val Adalberto Luis
Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA/MCTIC, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2019;91 Suppl 3:e20190260. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201920190260. Epub 2019 Jun 3.
The Amazon basin houses a particular group of freshwater organisms, whose study tells the geological history of the region, how biological diversity was shaped, how it is maintained, and what it hides. The fish of the Amazon is represented by more than 3,000 known species distributed from the basal groups up to the more specialized ones. This species richness hides a diversity of adaptations that are dispersed at all levels of the biological organization. In this summary of the conference delivered at the Brazil-France Bilateral Symposium, held in Manaus in 2018, we describe two aspects of the hidden world of adaptive diversity: adaptations to changes in dissolved oxygen and the abilities of the Rio Negro fish to face acidic and ion-poor waters of their habitats. Also, we present the vulnerability of Amazonian fish to ongoing climate changes. Then, very briefly, we call attention to the many hidden biological processes that allow these fish species to survive their environments, much of which is unknown. Indeed, however, they are intricately related to men, either by responding to environmental disturbances that we have caused, or by containing information that contributes to improving the quality of the environment in which we live.
亚马逊河流域栖息着一群独特的淡水生物，对它们的研究揭示了该地区的地质历史、生物多样性是如何形成的、如何得以维持以及其中隐藏着什么。亚马逊河的鱼类有3000多种已知物种，从基础类群到更特化的类群都有分布。这种物种丰富性背后隐藏着各种适应方式，它们散布在生物组织的各个层面。在本次于2018年在马瑙斯举行的巴西 - 法国双边研讨会上发表的会议总结中，我们描述了适应性多样性这个隐秘世界的两个方面：对溶解氧变化的适应以及内格罗河鱼类应对其栖息地酸性和离子贫乏水域的能力。此外，我们还介绍了亚马逊鱼类面对当前气候变化的脆弱性。然后，非常简要地，我们提请注意许多使这些鱼类物种能够在其环境中生存的隐藏生物过程，其中大部分仍是未知的。事实上，它们与人类有着错综复杂的关系，要么是对我们造成的环境干扰做出反应，要么是包含有助于改善我们生活环境质量的信息。
