Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ) at AUT Millennium, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, United States.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2020 Apr;20(3):394-406. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1629631. Epub 2019 Jul 2.
The aim of this review was to examine the literature that has used lower limb wearable resistance (WR) during sprint running. A systematic search was completed to identify acute and longitudinal studies assessing the effects of lower limb WR on sprint running performance from international peer-reviewed journals. The Boolean phrases (limb OR leg OR lower extremity) AND (sprint*) AND (resist* OR weight OR load*) were used to search PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science electronic databases. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were retained for analysis that reported the acute kinematic and kinetic effects ( = 8), acute performance effects ( = 3), and longitudinal effects ( = 1). Results showed that the WR micro-loading (0.6-5% body mass) significantly increased contact time (2.9-8.9%), decreased step frequency (-1.4 to -3.7%), and slowed total sprint times (0.6-7.4%). Unloaded sprinting immediately following sprints with lower limb WR resulted in no significant change to total sprinting times. One longitudinal training study did not find a significant effect on maximal sprinting speed for non-trained participants. It can be concluded that not all step kinematic variables are affected during sprinting with an added load up to 5% body mass. Therefore, coaches can use lower limb WR to selectively overload certain aspects of sprint running, in particular stride frequency. It also appears that lower limb WR overloads sprint movement velocity and may provide a stimulus to increase horizontal force output, therefore, it may be inferred that lower limb WR has the potential to elicit improved sprinting performance.
本综述的目的是研究在短跑过程中使用下肢可穿戴阻力（WR）的文献。通过国际同行评议期刊，对急性和纵向研究进行了系统搜索，以评估下肢 WR 对短跑表现的影响。使用布尔短语（limb 或 leg 或 lower extremity）和（sprint*）和（resist* 或 weight 或 load*）在 PubMed、SPORTDiscus 和 Web of Science 电子数据库中进行搜索。符合纳入标准的 10 项研究保留进行分析，这些研究报告了急性运动学和动力学效应（ = 8）、急性表现效应（ = 3）和纵向效应（ = 1）。结果表明，WR 微加载（0.6-5% 体重）显著增加接触时间（2.9-8.9%），降低步频（-1.4 至-3.7%），并减缓总冲刺时间（0.6-7.4%）。在下肢 WR 短跑后立即进行无负载短跑，总短跑时间没有明显变化。一项纵向训练研究发现，对于未经训练的参与者，最大冲刺速度没有显著影响。可以得出结论，在 5%体重以下的附加负荷下，并非所有的步行动力学变量都会在短跑中受到影响。因此，教练可以使用下肢 WR 有选择地对某些方面的短跑进行过载，特别是步频。WR 似乎还会使冲刺运动速度过载，并可能提供增加水平力输出的刺激，因此可以推断 WR 有可能提高短跑成绩。
