Maclin Joshua Marvin Anthony, Wang Tao, Xiao Shifu
Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Gen Psychiatr. 2019 Feb 23;32(1):e100054. doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2019-100054. eCollection 2019.
Dementia is a chronic brain disorder classified by four distinct diseases that impact cognition and mental degeneration. Each subgroup exhibits similar brain deficiencies and mutations. This review will focus on four dementia subgroups: Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia and dementia Lewy body.
The aim of this systematic review is to create a concise overview of unique similarities within dementia used to locate and identify new biomarker methods in diagnosing dementia.
123 300 articles published after 2010 were identified from PubMed, JSTOR, WorldCat Online Computer Library and PALNI (Private Academic Library Network of Indiana) using the following search items (in title or abstract): 'Neurodegenerative Diseases' OR 'Biomarkers' OR 'Alzheimer's Disease' OR 'Frontal Temporal Lobe Dementia' OR 'Vascular Dementia' OR 'Dementia Lewy Body' OR 'Cerebral Spinal Fluid' OR 'Mental Cognitive Impairment'. 47 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis.
Evidence suggested neuroimaging with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scanning and newly found PET tracers to be more effective in diagnosing Alzheimer's and amnesiac mental cognitive impairment than carbon-11 Pittsburgh compound-B radioisotope tracer. Newly created methods to make PET scans more accurate and practical in clinical settings signify a major shift in diagnosing dementia and neurodegenerative diseases.
Vast improvements in neuroimaging techniques have led to newly discovered biomarkers and diagnostics. Neuroimaging with amyloid PET scanning surpasses what had been considered the dominant method of neuroimaging and MRI. Newly created methods to make PET scans more accurate and practical in clinical settings signify a major shift in diagnosing dementia pathology. Continued research and studies must be conducted to improve current findings and streamline methods to further subcategorise neurodegenerative disorders and diagnosis.
痴呆是一种慢性脑部疾病，由四种不同的疾病分类组成，这些疾病会影响认知和精神衰退。每个亚组都表现出相似的脑部缺陷和突变。本综述将聚焦于四个痴呆亚组：阿尔茨海默病、血管性痴呆、额颞叶痴呆和路易体痴呆。
本系统综述的目的是对痴呆症中的独特相似之处进行简要概述，以定位和识别诊断痴呆症的新生物标志物方法。
使用以下搜索词（在标题或摘要中）从PubMed、JSTOR、WorldCat在线计算机图书馆和PALNI（印第安纳州私立学术图书馆网络）中识别出2010年后发表的123300篇文章：“神经退行性疾病”或“生物标志物”或“阿尔茨海默病”或“额颞叶痴呆”或“血管性痴呆”或“路易体痴呆”或“脑脊液”或“精神认知障碍”。47项研究被纳入定性综合分析。
有证据表明，与碳-11匹兹堡化合物-B放射性同位素示踪剂相比，使用淀粉样蛋白正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和新发现的PET示踪剂进行神经成像在诊断阿尔茨海默病和失忆性精神认知障碍方面更有效。在临床环境中使PET扫描更准确、实用的新方法标志着痴呆症和神经退行性疾病诊断的重大转变。
神经成像技术的巨大进步带来了新发现的生物标志物和诊断方法。淀粉样蛋白PET扫描神经成像超越了被认为是神经成像和MRI的主导方法。在临床环境中使PET扫描更准确、实用的新方法标志着痴呆症病理学诊断的重大转变。必须继续开展研究，以改进当前的研究结果并简化方法，进一步对神经退行性疾病进行细分和诊断。
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