Li Shanshan, Lei Fangliang, Zhang Ruo, Liu Danmeng, Qu Pengfei, Cheng Yue, Liu Xin, Chen Fangyao, Dang Shaonong, Yan Hong
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2019;28(2):330-340. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.201906_28(2).0015.
Few studies have described the socioeconomic disparity of dietary quality in Northwest China. The present study aimed to evaluate the diet quality of pregnant women in Shaanxi province of Northwest China by using the Diet Balance Index for Pregnancy (DBI-P) and explored the relationships with socioeconomic status (SES).
A cross-sectional analysis of data from 7,630 women who were pregnant during 2012-2013 was performed. Dietary intake during the whole pregnancy was assessed by FFQ within 12 months (median, 3 months; 10th-90th percentile, 0-7 months) after delivery. Diet quality evaluated by the DBI-P was related to socioeconomic factors.
Most women had insufficient consumption of vegetables (72.27%), dairy (89.58%), meat (82.07%), fish and shrimp (92.23%), eggs (62.54%), and dietary variety (97.92%). 67.76% of women had excessive intake of grains, and 87.77% and 69.79% of participants had surplus consumption of edible oil and salt respectively. Women with higher education, occupation and household wealth index (HWI) consumed more vegetables, fruit, dairy, soybean and nuts, meat, fish and shrimp, eggs, edible oil, alcohol and dietary variety but less grains and salt. After adjusting for confounders, education, occupation and HWI were negatively associated with the level of inadequate dietary intake. Conversely, individuals with medium HWI had higher level of excessive dietary intake compared to low HWI groups.
The diet quality of pregnant women in Northwest China was associated with SES. Socioeconomic disparities in diet quality should be considered when planning nutrition interventions for pregnant women.
很少有研究描述中国西北地区饮食质量的社会经济差异。本研究旨在使用孕期饮食平衡指数（DBI-P）评估中国西北陕西省孕妇的饮食质量，并探讨其与社会经济地位（SES）的关系。
对2012 - 2013年期间怀孕的7630名妇女的数据进行横断面分析。通过产后12个月内（中位数为3个月；第10 - 90百分位数为0 - 7个月）的食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估整个孕期的饮食摄入量。用DBI-P评估的饮食质量与社会经济因素相关。
大多数妇女蔬菜（72.27%）、乳制品（89.58%）、肉类（82.07%）、鱼虾（92.23%）、蛋类（62.54%）摄入量不足，饮食种类（97.92%）也不足。67.76%的妇女谷物摄入过量，87.77%和69.79%的参与者食用油和盐摄入超标。受过高等教育、有职业且家庭财富指数（HWI）较高的妇女摄入更多的蔬菜、水果、乳制品、大豆和坚果、肉类、鱼虾、蛋类、食用油、酒精，饮食种类也更多，但谷物和盐摄入量较少。在调整混杂因素后，教育程度、职业和HWI与饮食摄入不足水平呈负相关。相反，与低HWI组相比，中等HWI的个体饮食摄入过量水平更高。
中国西北地区孕妇的饮食质量与社会经济地位相关。在为孕妇规划营养干预措施时，应考虑饮食质量的社会经济差异。
