Gil Maritza, Jaramillo Yamile, Bedoya Carolina, Llano Sandra M, Gallego Vanessa, Quijano Jairo, Londono-Londono Julian
Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Medellín- Antioquia Colombia. Researcher Grupo de investigación de Ingeniería de Alimentos, GRIAL. Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Caldas, Antioquia, Colombia.
Corporación Universitaria Lasallista. Researcher Grupo de investigación de Ingeniería de Alimentos, GRIAL. Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Caldas, Antioquia, Colombia.
Heliyon. 2019 May 16;5(5):e01650. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01650. eCollection 2019 May.
The aim of this study was to compare the quality of a mixture of cocoa harvested and fermented in three subregions of Antioquia (Colombia), from the chemometric profile based on multivariate statistical analysis. A mixture of clones CCN-52, ICS-1, FLE-2, and FEC-2 harvested in Bajo Cauca, Uraba and Magdalena Medio were subjected to a spontaneous fermentation. The characterization of raw and well-fermented cocoa was performed through 38 parameters, and results were compared by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a Cluster Analysis (CA), followed by a Principal Factors Analysis (PFA- CA). The CA showed that there are differences among subregions only in raw cocoa from Bajo Cauca. PCA allowed identifying the variability between raw and fermented cocoa in a representative way and these results were consistent with the chemical profile. Besides, the number of parameters to differentiate raw cocoa from different subregions was reduced (11-13 parameters) and it was possible to characterize well fermented cocoa with only 10 parameters of 38. PFA-CA consolidated in three factors a grouping to identify the cocoa quality according to the process or interest of the sensory or functional properties. Factor 1 (cocoa quality indicators with functional properties), Factor 2 (indicators of quality of the beginning of fermentation) and Factor 3 (indicators of quality of well-fermented cocoa) each one with a weight of 39, 35 and 26 respectively.
本研究的目的是基于多变量统计分析的化学计量学特征,比较在安蒂奥基亚(哥伦比亚)三个次区域收获和发酵的可可混合物的质量。在考卡下游、乌拉瓦和马格达莱纳中游收获的CCN - 52、ICS - 1、FLE - 2和FEC - 2克隆的混合物进行了自然发酵。通过38个参数对生可可和充分发酵的可可进行表征,并通过主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA)比较结果,随后进行主因子分析(PFA - CA)。聚类分析表明,仅考卡下游的生可可在次区域之间存在差异。主成分分析能够以具有代表性的方式识别生可可和发酵可可之间的变异性,这些结果与化学特征一致。此外,区分不同次区域生可可的参数数量减少(11 - 13个参数),并且仅用38个参数中的10个就可以表征充分发酵的可可。PFA - CA在三个因子中整合了一个分组,以根据感官或功能特性的过程或兴趣来识别可可质量。因子1(具有功能特性的可可质量指标)、因子2(发酵开始时的质量指标)和因子3(充分发酵可可的质量指标),其权重分别为39、35和26。
Food Chem. 2011-10-31
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015