PO Box 95, Chimacum, WA, 98325, USA.
Economics Department, Quinnipiac University, Hamden. CT, 06518, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Sep 15;246:434-443. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.099. Epub 2019 Jun 12.
Runs of the endangered wild salmon/steelhead in the Columbia River basin may be only two to seven percent of historic levels. These fish are a common-pool resource, where stakeholders over-consume, pollute rivers and oceans, block passage with dams and culverts, operate net pen fish farms, and plant huge numbers of hatchery fish that compete with and hybridize wild fish. Rivers provide free or subsidized services that stakeholders covet, however recovery of the endangered wild fish requires that peoples utilizing the rivers and the ocean must constrain their behavior, often reducing their profit. A new Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and cost-benefit analysis are in progress for recovery of the endangered wild salmon/steelhead in the Columbia River basin. New regulations require surveys of U.S. households to measure the non-use benefits of salmon/steelhead recovery that can be important for endangered species. We review the 2002 EIS for juvenile salmon migration on the lower Snake River tributary to find mistakes to avoid in the new EIS and in other recovery studies.
哥伦比亚河流域濒危野生三文鱼/虹鳟的洄游数量可能只有历史水平的 2%到 7%。这些鱼类属于公共池塘资源,其利益相关者过度捕捞、污染河流和海洋、用堤坝和涵洞阻断洄游通道、经营网箱养殖场、大量投放养殖鱼苗,这些鱼苗与野生鱼苗竞争并杂交。河流提供了利益相关者觊觎的免费或补贴服务,然而,要使濒危野生鱼类得到恢复,就必须要求利用河流和海洋的人们约束自己的行为,这往往会降低他们的利润。目前正在进行哥伦比亚河流域濒危野生三文鱼/虹鳟恢复的新环境影响声明 (EIS) 和成本效益分析。新的法规要求对美国家庭进行调查,以衡量三文鱼/虹鳟恢复的非使用效益,这对于濒危物种可能非常重要。我们审查了 2002 年关于下斯内克河支流幼三文鱼洄游的环境影响声明,以找出新的环境影响声明和其他恢复研究中需要避免的错误。