Saito Yoshihiko, Kaga Yoshimi, Nakagawa Eiji, Okubo Mariko, Kohashi Kosuke, Omori Mikimasa, Fukuda Ayako, Inagaki Masumi
Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, NCNP of National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-machi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP of National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-machi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
Brain Dev. 2019 Oct;41(9):751-759. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2019.05.004. Epub 2019 Jun 14.
We evaluated the power of slow sleep spindles during sleep stage 2 to clarify their relationship with executive function, especially with attention, in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Subjects were 21 children with ADHD and 18 aged-matched, typically developing children (TDC). ADHD subjects were divided into groups of only ADHD and ADHD + autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We employed the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) to measure attention. We focused on sleep spindle frequencies (12-14 Hz) in sleep stage 2 and performed a power spectral analysis using fast Fourier transform techniques and compared sleep spindles with the variability of reaction time in CPT.
In the CPT, reaction variabilities in ADHD and ADHD + ASD significantly differed from those in TDC. Twelve-hertz spindles were mainly distributed in the frontal pole and frontal area and 14-Hz spindles in the central area. The ratio of 12-Hz frontal spindle power was higher in ADHD than in TDC, especially in ADHD + ASD. Significant correlation between the ratio of 12-Hz spindles and reaction time variability was observed.
Twelve-hertz frontal spindle EEG activity may have positive associations with sustained attention function. Slow frontal spindles may be useful as a biomarker of inattention in children with ADHD.
我们评估了儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患者在睡眠二期慢睡眠纺锤波的功率，以阐明其与执行功能，尤其是与注意力之间的关系。
研究对象为21名ADHD儿童和18名年龄匹配的发育正常儿童（TDC）。ADHD患者被分为单纯ADHD组和ADHD + 自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）组。我们采用连续性能测试（CPT）来测量注意力。我们关注睡眠二期的睡眠纺锤波频率（12 - 14赫兹），并使用快速傅里叶变换技术进行功率谱分析，将睡眠纺锤波与CPT中的反应时间变异性进行比较。
在CPT中，ADHD组和ADHD + ASD组的反应变异性与TDC组有显著差异。12赫兹的纺锤波主要分布在前额极和额叶区域，14赫兹的纺锤波分布在中央区域。ADHD组中12赫兹额叶纺锤波功率的比例高于TDC组，尤其是在ADHD + ASD组中。观察到12赫兹纺锤波比例与反应时间变异性之间存在显著相关性。
12赫兹额叶纺锤波的脑电图活动可能与持续注意力功能呈正相关。慢额叶纺锤波可能作为ADHD儿童注意力不集中的生物标志物。
