Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Psychiatry Res. 2019 Mar;273:699-705. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.094. Epub 2019 Jan 30.
This study examines the relationship between urbanization and Internet addiction (IA) and association with other psychopathology and social support, in a nationally representative sample in Japan. Data from the World Mental Health Japan Second Survey were used. There were 2450 survey respondents, with an average response rate of 43.4%. Respondents' living areas were divided into three groups on the basis of urbanization (operationalized as city size). IA was measured using the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS). Three variables - psychological distress, past-12-month mental disorder, and social support - were measured using established instruments. A multilevel model was conducted to clarify the association between urbanization and IA (continuous scores and prevalence), before and after adjusting for possible individual-level and area-level variables and demographic variables. CIUS scores were significantly higher in large cities than in small municipalities before adjusting for psychological distress, social support, and past-12-month mental disorder. After adjustment, these associations attenuated substantially: urbanization was no longer significantly associated with odds of mild/severe IA, while the relationship held for continuous CIUS scores. Thus, residence in large cities is associated with higher odds of IA in Japan; psychological distress, social support, and past-12-month mental disorder partly explain this association.
本研究在日本全国代表性样本中，考察了城市化与网络成瘾（IA）的关系，并探讨了其与其他精神病理学和社会支持的关联。研究数据来自世界心理健康日本第二调查。共有 2450 名调查对象，平均回应率为 43.4%。根据城市化程度（以城市规模来衡量），将受访者的居住区域分为三组。使用强迫性网络使用量表（CIUS）来衡量 IA。使用既定工具衡量三个变量——心理困扰、过去 12 个月的精神障碍和社会支持。采用多层次模型，在调整可能的个体水平和区域水平变量以及人口统计学变量之前和之后，阐明城市化与 IA（连续得分和流行率）之间的关联。在未调整心理困扰、社会支持和过去 12 个月精神障碍的情况下，大城市的 CIUS 得分明显高于小城市。调整后，这些关联大大减弱：城市化与轻度/重度 IA 的可能性不再显著相关，而连续 CIUS 得分的相关性仍然存在。因此，居住在大城市与日本更高的 IA 可能性相关；心理困扰、社会支持和过去 12 个月的精神障碍在一定程度上解释了这种关联。
