South African Medical Research Council, Gender and Health Research Unit, Pretoria, South Africa.
Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Cult Health Sex. 2020 May;22(5):535-550. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1614671. Epub 2019 Jun 18.
Participatory interventions with men and boys to transform masculinities are increasingly common to improve health and reduce intimate partner violence and HIV-related risk. Yet, despite this, there has been little consideration of how facilitators' own masculinities shape interventions. In this analysis of Stepping Stones and Creating Futures, a gender-transformative programme delivered to young men (aged 18-30 years) in urban informal settlements in Durban, South Africa we explore how facilitators' masculinities were employed to engender change in the masculinities of participants. We argue facilitators had to negotiate two tasks existing in some tension, the first, overt and the main aim of the programme: namely, challenging elements of the youthful masculinity at play in the lives of participants, such as exerting violent power over women. A second task was more covert: namely, establishing facilitators' credibility 'as men' in order to do this work with participants. Through strategies including clothes, mobile phones, jokes and storytelling, facilitators demonstrated to participants their 'successful' masculinity and could then engage with participants around emotions, non-violence and consistent condom use. This enabled facilitators and participants to undergo a limited processes of change, without 'compromising' their sense of masculinity, and without fundamentally challenging men's patriarchal privilege.
参与式干预措施，让男性和男孩参与其中，改变男性气质，以改善健康状况，减少亲密伴侣暴力和与艾滋病毒相关的风险，这种做法越来越普遍。然而，尽管如此，人们很少考虑促进者自身的男性气质如何影响干预措施。在对在南非德班城市非正规住区为年轻男性（18-30 岁）实施的具有性别转化作用的方案“Stepping Stones and Creating Futures”的分析中，我们探讨了促进者的男性气质如何被用来促使参与者改变男性气质。我们认为，促进者必须应对两项存在一定紧张关系的任务，第一项任务是方案的明确和主要目标：即，挑战参与者生活中存在的青年男性气质的某些方面，例如对妇女行使暴力权力。第二项任务更为隐蔽：即，确立促进者的“男性”可信度，以便与参与者开展这项工作。通过包括服装、手机、笑话和讲故事等策略，促进者向参与者展示了他们“成功”的男性气质，然后可以就情感、非暴力和坚持使用避孕套与参与者进行接触。这使促进者和参与者能够经历有限的变革过程，而不会“损害”他们的男性气质，也不会从根本上挑战男性的家长制特权。
