牛至精油和香芹酚对家蝇（双翅目：蝇科）的杀灭效果。
Efficacy of Origanum vulgare essential oil and carvacrol against the housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae).
机构信息
School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China.
出版信息
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Aug;26(23):23824-23831. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05671-4. Epub 2019 Jun 17.
The toxicity of Origanum vulgare essential oil to the housefly Musca domestica L. was evaluated. The major constituents of the O. vulgare essential oil by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were carvacrol (58.13%), p-cymene (17.85%), thymol (8.15%), γ-terpinene (4.96%), and linalool (3.69%). Toxicity of O. vulgare essential oil against larvae and pupae was evaluated using fumigation and contact assays. The contact toxicity (LC) of O. vulgare essential oil and carvacrol for larvae was 0.23 and 0.03 μL/cm, respectively. The fumigation toxicity (LC) of O. vulgare essential oil and carvacrol for larvae was 9.52 and 2.78 μL/L, respectively. Pupal toxicity was evaluated by percentage inhibition rate (PIR). PIR of O. vulgare essential oil at 0.25 μL/cm was 90.9% for the contact assay and 100% at 20 μL/L for the fumigation assay. PIR of carvacrol was 29.5% (0.025 μL/cm) and 81.8% (1.25 μL/L) for the contact toxicity and fumigation assay, respectively. O. vulgare essential oil and carvacrol have significant toxicity to the housefly and are potential insecticides for housefly control.
采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析方法对牛至精油的主要成分进行了分析，结果表明，牛至精油的主要成分为香芹酚（58.13%）、对伞花烃（17.85%）、百里酚（8.15%）、γ-萜品烯（4.96%）和芳樟醇（3.69%）。采用熏蒸和接触处理法评价了牛至精油对家蝇幼虫和蛹的毒性。结果表明，牛至精油和香芹酚对幼虫的接触毒力（LC）分别为 0.23 和 0.03 μL/cm，熏蒸毒力（LC）分别为 9.52 和 2.78 μL/L。通过幼虫的百分抑制率（PIR）来评价蛹的毒性。接触处理时，0.25 μL/cm 浓度的牛至精油对蛹的 PIR 为 90.9%，20 μL/L 浓度的牛至精油对蛹的 PIR 为 100%。接触处理时，香芹酚对蛹的 PIR 为 29.5%（0.025 μL/cm），熏蒸处理时，香芹酚对蛹的 PIR 为 81.8%（1.25 μL/L）。牛至精油和香芹酚对家蝇具有较强的毒性，可作为防治家蝇的潜在药剂。
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